Evolutionary psychiatryEvolutionary psychiatry, also known as Darwinian psychiatry, is a theoretical approach to psychiatry that aims to explain psychiatric disorders in evolutionary terms. As a branch of the field of evolutionary medicine, it is distinct from the medical practice of psychiatry in its emphasis on providing scientific explanations rather than treatments for mental disorder. This often concerns questions of ultimate causation. For example, psychiatric genetics may discover genes associated with mental disorders, but evolutionary psychiatry asks why those genes persist in the population.
Human genetic variationHuman genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (alleles), a situation called polymorphism. No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins (who develop from one zygote) have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting.
AutomédicationSelon l'OMS, l'automédication est le traitement de certaines maladies par les patients grâce à des médicaments autorisés, accessibles sans ordonnance, sûrs et efficaces, dans les conditions d'utilisation indiquée. Cette automédication peut s'inscrire dans le cadre d'un "autosoin" défini comme la capacité des personnes, des familles et des communautés à faire la promotion de la santé, à prévenir les maladies, à rester en bonne santé et à faire face à la maladie et au handicap avec ou sans l’accompagnement d’un prestataire de soins.
Histoire génétique des populations européennesvignette|redresse=1.5|Analyse en composantes principales des populations européennes actuelles à partir de et (2009). L’histoire génétique des populations européennes débute au Paléolithique supérieur avec l'arrivée en Europe il y a des hommes modernes venus d'Afrique via le Moyen-Orient. Avec le dernier maximum glaciaire, un effet fondateur se produit, et provoque une augmentation de la pression sélective qui permet à une lignée de prendre de l'ampleur au Mésolithique.
Executive dysfunctionIn psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms. It is implicated in numerous psychopathologies and mental disorders, as well as short-term and long-term changes in non-clinical executive control.
Aura (symptom)An aura is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine. An epileptic aura is a seizure. Epileptic and migraine auras are due to the involvement of specific areas of the brain, which are those that determine the symptoms of the aura. Therefore, if the visual area is affected, the aura will consist of visual symptoms, while if a sensory one, then sensory symptoms will occur. Epileptic auras are subjective sensory or psychic phenomena due to a focal seizure, i.e.
