Low-carbon fuel standardA low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is an emissions trading rule designed to reduce the average carbon intensity of transportation fuels in a given jurisdiction, as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The most common methods for reducing transportation carbon emissions are supplying electricity to electric vehicles, supplying hydrogen fuel to fuel cell vehicles and blending biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, and renewable natural gas into fossil fuels.
Bi-fuel vehicleBi-fuel vehicles are vehicles with multifuel engines capable of running on two fuels. The two fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine is able to run on one fuel at a time. On internal combustion engines, a bi-fuel engine typically burns gasoline and a volatile alternate fuel such as natural gas (CNG), LPG, or hydrogen. Bi-fuel vehicles have the capability to switch back and forth from the gasoline to the other fuel, manually or automatically. A related concept is the duel-fuel vehicle which must burn both fuels in combination.
KérosèneLe kérosène (aussi appelé autrefois « pétrole lampant ») est un mélange d'hydrocarbures contenant des alcanes (CnH2n+2) de formule chimique allant de C10H22 à C14H30, mais également d'autres types d'hydrocarbures, comme des cycloalcanes, ou des composés aromatiques. Issu du raffinage du pétrole, il résulte du soutirage pendant la distillation d'une coupe avec un point initial (PI) de distillation compris entre et , et un point final (PF) de distillation entre et . Il doit être exempt de soufre.
Coal pollution mitigationCoal pollution mitigation, sometimes called clean coal, is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate the health and environmental impact of coal; in particular air pollution from coal-fired power stations, and from coal burnt by heavy industry. The primary focus is on sulfur dioxide () and nitrogen oxides (), the most important gases which caused acid rain; and particulates which cause visible air pollution, illness and premature deaths. can be removed by flue-gas desulfurization and by selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
Densité massique d'énergieEn physique, la densité massique d'énergie désigne le quotient d'une énergie E par la masse m de matière dans laquelle cette énergie est déposée ou stockée : Pour le stockage d'énergie, quand il s'agit d'une propriété intrinsèque du matériau (ou du dispositif) considéré, on l'appelle énergie spécifique. L'unité dérivée de référence pour exprimer la densité massique d'énergie dans le Système international est le joule par kilogramme (J/kg).
