Membrane fluidityIn biology, membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane or a synthetic lipid membrane. Lipid packing can influence the fluidity of the membrane. Viscosity of the membrane can affect the rotation and diffusion of proteins and other bio-molecules within the membrane, there-by affecting the functions of these things. Membrane fluidity is affected by fatty acids. More specifically, whether the fatty acids are saturated or unsaturated has an effect on membrane fluidity.
Stérolthumb|Cholestérol, un stérol. Un stérol est un lipide possédant un noyau de stérane dont le carbone 3 est porteur d'un groupe hydroxyle. Les stérols sont considérés comme une sous-classe des stéroïdes. Le cholestérol (chez tous les eucaryotes) et les phytostérols (essentiellement chez les plantes) sont des stérols présents dans les membranes cellulaires, et jouent un rôle central dans de nombreux processus biochimiques. Chez les animaux le cholestérol est vital pour le fonctionnement cellulaire, et c'est un précurseur de vitamines et d'hormones stéroïdiennes liposolubles.
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferaseSqualene synthase (SQS) or farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase is an enzyme localized to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. SQS participates in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing a two-step reaction in which two identical molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) are converted into squalene, with the consumption of NADPH. Catalysis by SQS is the first committed step in sterol synthesis, since the squalene produced is converted exclusively into various sterols, such as cholesterol, via a complex, multi-step pathway.
TransrepressionIn the field of molecular biology, transrepression is a process whereby one protein represses (i.e., inhibits) the activity of a second protein through a protein-protein interaction. Since this repression occurs between two different protein molecules (intermolecular), it is referred to as a trans-acting process. The protein that is repressed is usually a transcription factor whose function is to up-regulate (i.e., increase) the rate of gene transcription. Hence the net result of transrepression is down regulation of gene transcription.
