Publication

Form - function relationships in dragonfly mandibles under an evolutionary perspective

Alessandra Patera
2017
Article
Résumé

Functional requirements may constrain phenotypic diversification or foster it. For insect mouthparts, the quantification of the relationship between shape and function in an evolutionary framework remained largely unexplored. Here, the question of a functional influence on phenotypic diversification for dragonfly mandibles is assessed with a large-scale biomechanical analysis covering nearly all anisopteran families, using finite element analysis in combination with geometric morphometrics. A constraining effect of phylogeny could be found for shape, the mandibular mechanical advantage (MA), and certain mechanical joint parameters, while stresses and strains, the majority of joint parameters and size are influenced by shared ancestry. Furthermore, joint mechanics are correlated with neither strain nor mandibular MA and size effects have virtually play no role for shape or mechanical variation. The presence of mandibular strengthening ridges shows no phylogenetic signal except for one ridge peculiar to Libelluloidea, and ridge presence is also not correlated with each other. The results suggest that functional traits are more variable at this taxonomic level and that they are not influenced by shared ancestry. At the same time, the results contradict the widespread idea that mandibular morphology mainly reflects functional demands at least at this taxonomic level. The varying functional factors rather lead to the same mandibular performance as expressed by the MA, which suggests a many-to-one mapping of the investigated parameters onto the same narrow mandibular performance space.

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Concepts associés (37)
Pièces buccales (anatomie des insectes)
Les pièces buccales forment l'appareil buccal de l'insecte. Ces pièces s'articulent sur la partie inférieure de la surface à la base de sa tête. Fondamentalement, la cavité orale des insectes est entourée d'une expansion cuticulaire dorsale (labrum), de trois paires d'appendices (deux paires latérales, les mandibules et les maxilles, et une paire ventrale fusionnée en une pièce impaire, le ). Ces appendices résultent de la différenciation des appendices articulés des somites céphaliques, primitivement disposés par paires au niveau de chaque segment.
Anatomie des insectes
L’anatomie des insectes décrit la morphologie de leurs structures externes et internes, et les principales propriétés de ces structures. Elle présente de nombreux points communs avec celle des autres Hexapodes : le corps est segmenté (d'où le nom d'insecte, qui est un emprunt savant de 1553 au latin insectus, du verbe insecare, « couper »), les biologistes appelant ces segments des métamères.
Phylogenetic comparative methods
Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) use information on the historical relationships of lineages (phylogenies) to test evolutionary hypotheses. The comparative method has a long history in evolutionary biology; indeed, Charles Darwin used differences and similarities between species as a major source of evidence in The Origin of Species. However, the fact that closely related lineages share many traits and trait combinations as a result of the process of descent with modification means that lineages are not independent.
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