Edge coverIn graph theory, an edge cover of a graph is a set of edges such that every vertex of the graph is incident to at least one edge of the set. In computer science, the minimum edge cover problem is the problem of finding an edge cover of minimum size. It is an optimization problem that belongs to the class of covering problems and can be solved in polynomial time. Formally, an edge cover of a graph G is a set of edges C such that each vertex in G is incident with at least one edge in C.
Lemme des poignées de mainvignette|250px|Dans ce graphe, un nombre pair de sommets (les quatre sommets numérotés 2, 4, 5, et 6) a des degrés impairs. La somme des degrés des sommets vaut 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 14, deux fois le nombre d'arêtes. En théorie des graphes, une branche des mathématiques, le lemme des poignées de main est la déclaration selon laquelle chaque graphe non orienté fini a un nombre pair de sommets de degré impair. Plus trivialement, dans une réunion de plusieurs personnes dont certaines se serrent la main, un nombre pair de personnes devra serrer un nombre impair de fois la main d'autres personnes.
MultigraphIn mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges), that is, edges that have the same end nodes. Thus two vertices may be connected by more than one edge. There are 2 distinct notions of multiple edges: Edges without own identity: The identity of an edge is defined solely by the two nodes it connects. In this case, the term "multiple edges" means that the same edge can occur several times between these two nodes.
