Tornado codeIn coding theory, Tornado codes are a class of erasure codes that support error correction. Tornado codes require a constant C more redundant blocks than the more data-efficient Reed–Solomon erasure codes, but are much faster to generate and can fix erasures faster. Software-based implementations of tornado codes are about 100 times faster on small lengths and about 10,000 times faster on larger lengths than Reed–Solomon erasure codes. Since the introduction of Tornado codes, many other similar erasure codes have emerged, most notably Online codes, LT codes and Raptor codes.
Code de répétitionLe code de répétition est une solution simple pour se prémunir des erreurs de communication dues au bruit dans un canal binaire symétrique. C'est une technique de codage de canal, c'est-à-dire un code correcteur. Il s'agit d'envoyer plusieurs copies de chaque bit à être transmis. Autrement dit, ce code de répétition encode la transmission des bits ainsi (sur trois bits) : La première chaîne de caractères est appelée le 0 logique et la deuxième, le 1 logique puisqu'elles jouent le rôle de 0 et 1 respectivement.
Typical setIn information theory, the typical set is a set of sequences whose probability is close to two raised to the negative power of the entropy of their source distribution. That this set has total probability close to one is a consequence of the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) which is a kind of law of large numbers. The notion of typicality is only concerned with the probability of a sequence and not the actual sequence itself.
Communication theoryCommunication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication. Theory can be seen as a way to map the world and make it navigable; communication theory gives us tools to answer empirical, conceptual, or practical communication questions.
Pseudorandom noiseIn cryptography, pseudorandom noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness. Although it seems to lack any definite pattern, pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of pulses that will repeat itself after its period. In cryptographic devices, the pseudorandom noise pattern is determined by a key and the repetition period can be very long, even millions of digits.
Exponentiation rapideEn informatique, l'exponentiation rapide est un algorithme utilisé pour calculer rapidement de grandes puissances entières. En anglais, cette méthode est aussi appelée square-and-multiply (« mettre au carré et multiplier »). La première façon de calculer une puissance x est de multiplier x par lui-même n fois. Cependant, il existe des méthodes bien plus efficaces, où le nombre d'opérations nécessaires n'est plus de l'ordre de n mais de l'ordre de .
