GéotechniqueDans le groupe des géosciences, la géotechnique est la technoscience consacrée à l’étude pratique de la subsurface terrestre sur laquelle notre action directe est possible pour son aménagement et/ou son exploitation, lors d’opérations de BTP (génie civil, bâtiment, carrières), de gestion des eaux souterraines (exploitation, drainage) et de prévention des risques naturels.
Super gridA super grid or supergrid is a wide-area transmission network, generally trans-continental or multinational, that is intended to make possible the trade of high volumes of electricity across great distances. It is sometimes also referred to as a "mega grid". Super grids typically are proposed to use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) to transmit electricity long distances. The latest generation of HVDC power lines can transmit energy with losses of only 1.6% per 1,000 km.
Engineering managementEngineering management is the application of the practice of management to the practice of engineering. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving ability of engineering and the organizational, administrative, legal and planning abilities of management in order to oversee the operational performance of complex engineering-driven enterprises. A Master of Engineering Management (MEM) is sometimes compared to a Master of Business Administration (MBA) for professionals seeking a graduate degree as a qualifying credential for a career in engineering management.
Simulation informatiquevignette|upright=1|Une simulation informatique, sur une étendue de , de l'évolution du typhon Mawar produite par le Modèle météorologique Weather Research and Forecasting La simulation informatique ou numérique est l'exécution d'un programme informatique sur un ordinateur ou réseau en vue de simuler un phénomène physique réel et complexe (par exemple : chute d’un corps sur un support mou, résistance d’une plateforme pétrolière à la houle, fatigue d’un matériau sous sollicitation vibratoire, usure d’un roulem
Analyse convexeL'analyse convexe est la branche des mathématiques qui étudie les ensembles et les fonctions convexes. Cette théorie étend sur beaucoup d'aspects les concepts de l'algèbre linéaire et sert de boîte à outils en analyse et en analyse non lisse. Elle s'est beaucoup développée du fait de ses interactions avec l'optimisation, où elle apporte des propriétés particulières aux problèmes qui y sont étudiés. Certains voient la naissance de l'analyse convexe « moderne » dans l'invention des notions de sous-différentiel, d'application proximale et d'inf-convolution dans les années 1962-63.
Social simulationSocial simulation is a research field that applies computational methods to study issues in the social sciences. The issues explored include problems in computational law, psychology, organizational behavior, sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, geography, engineering, archaeology and linguistics . Social simulation aims to cross the gap between the descriptive approach used in the social sciences and the formal approach used in the natural sciences, by moving the focus on the processes/mechanisms/behaviors that build the social reality.
Agent-based modelAn agent-based model (ABM) is a computational model for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) in order to understand the behavior of a system and what governs its outcomes. It combines elements of game theory, complex systems, emergence, computational sociology, multi-agent systems, and evolutionary programming. Monte Carlo methods are used to understand the stochasticity of these models.
Unit commitment problem in electrical power productionThe unit commitment problem (UC) in electrical power production is a large family of mathematical optimization problems where the production of a set of electrical generators is coordinated in order to achieve some common target, usually either matching the energy demand at minimum cost or maximizing revenue from electricity production. This is necessary because it is difficult to store electrical energy on a scale comparable with normal consumption; hence, each (substantial) variation in the consumption must be matched by a corresponding variation of the production.
Global optimizationGlobal optimization is a branch of applied mathematics and numerical analysis that attempts to find the global minima or maxima of a function or a set of functions on a given set. It is usually described as a minimization problem because the maximization of the real-valued function is equivalent to the minimization of the function . Given a possibly nonlinear and non-convex continuous function with the global minima and the set of all global minimizers in , the standard minimization problem can be given as that is, finding and a global minimizer in ; where is a (not necessarily convex) compact set defined by inequalities .
Horizon des événementsL'horizon des événements est, en relativité restreinte et en relativité générale, constitué par la limite éventuelle de la région qui peut être influencée dans le futur par un observateur situé en un endroit donné à une époque donnée. Dans le cas d'un trou noir, en particulier, on peut définir son horizon des événements comme une surface qui l'entoure, d'où aucun objet, ni même un rayon de lumière ne peut jamais échapper au champ gravitationnel du trou noir.
