Short-circuit evaluationShort-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be false; and when the first argument of the OR function evaluates to true, the overall value must be true.
Boilerplate codeIn computer programming, boilerplate code, or simply boilerplate, are sections of code that are repeated in multiple places with little to no variation. When using languages that are considered verbose, the programmer must write a lot of boilerplate code to accomplish only minor functionality.
Bounds checkingIn computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking). A failed bounds check usually results in the generation of some sort of exception signal. As performing bounds checking during each use can be time-consuming, it is not always done.
Tracing garbage collectionIn computer programming, tracing garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management that consists of determining which objects should be deallocated ("garbage collected") by tracing which objects are reachable by a chain of references from certain "root" objects, and considering the rest as "garbage" and collecting them. Tracing garbage collection is the most common type of garbage collection – so much so that "garbage collection" often refers to tracing garbage collection, rather than other methods such as reference counting – and there are a large number of algorithms used in implementation.
HaskellHaskell est un langage de programmation fonctionnel fondé sur le lambda-calcul et la logique combinatoire. Son nom vient du mathématicien et logicien Haskell Curry. Il a été créé en 1990 par un comité de chercheurs en théorie des langages intéressés par les langages fonctionnels et l'évaluation paresseuse. Le dernier standard est Haskell 2010 : c'est une version minimale et portable du langage conçue à des fins pédagogiques et pratiques, dans un souci d'interopérabilité entre les implémentations du langage et comme base de futures extensions.
J-invariantLe j-invariant, parfois appelé fonction j, est une fonction introduite par Felix Klein pour l'étude des courbes elliptiques, qui a depuis trouvé des applications au-delà de la seule géométrie algébrique, par exemple dans l'étude des fonctions modulaires, de la théorie des corps de classes et du monstrous moonshine. On travaille dans le . Soient quatre points distincts , leur birapport est : Cette quantité est invariante par homographies du plan, mais dépend de l'ordre des quatre nombres considérés.
