Metamaterial antennaMetamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized (electrically small) antenna systems. Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space. However, this class of antenna incorporates metamaterials, which are materials engineered with novel, often microscopic, structures to produce unusual physical properties. Antenna designs incorporating metamaterials can step-up the antenna's radiated power.
Topological quantum computerA topological quantum computer is a theoretical quantum computer proposed by Russian-American physicist Alexei Kitaev in 1997. It employs quasiparticles in two-dimensional systems, called anyons, whose world lines pass around one another to form braids in a three-dimensional spacetime (i.e., one temporal plus two spatial dimensions). These braids form the logic gates that make up the computer. The advantage of a quantum computer based on quantum braids over using trapped quantum particles is that the former is much more stable.
Time translation symmetryTime translation symmetry or temporal translation symmetry (TTS) is a mathematical transformation in physics that moves the times of events through a common interval. Time translation symmetry is the law that the laws of physics are unchanged (i.e. invariant) under such a transformation. Time translation symmetry is a rigorous way to formulate the idea that the laws of physics are the same throughout history. Time translation symmetry is closely connected, via the Noether theorem, to conservation of energy.
Violation de CPEn physique des particules, la violation de CP est une violation de la symétrie CP, c'est-à-dire de la combinaison de la symétrie C (symétrie de conjugaison de charge) et de la symétrie P (symétrie de parité). La symétrie CP indique que les lois de la physique devraient être les mêmes si une particule est échangée avec son antiparticule (symétrie C) tandis que ses coordonnées spatiales sont inversées (symétrie P, ou « miroir »).
Défaut topologiqueEn cosmologie, un défaut topologique est une configuration souvent stable de matière que certaines théories prédisent avoir été formée lors des transitions de phase de l'univers primitif. Selon la nature des brisures de symétrie, on suppose la formation de nombreux solitons au travers du mécanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs-Hagen-Guralnik-Kibble. Les défauts topologiques les plus courants sont les monopôles magnétiques, les cordes cosmiques, les murs de domaine, les skyrmions et les textures.
Symétrie (physique)En physique la notion de symétrie, qui est intimement associée à la notion d'invariance, renvoie à la possibilité de considérer un même système physique selon plusieurs points de vue distincts en termes de description mais équivalents quant aux prédictions effectuées sur son évolution. Une théorie physique possède alors une symétrie S, si toute équation dans cette théorie décrit tout aussi correctement une particule ρ qu'une particule -ρ 'symétrique' de ρ.
AnyonEn physique quantique, un anyon est un type de particule propre aux systèmes à deux dimensions. Ni boson ni fermion, l'anyon en est une généralisation. Prédits et théorisés depuis plus de quatre décennies, les premières preuves expérimentales de l'existence des anyons ne datent que de 2020. Le concept d'anyon est utile lorsqu’on s’intéresse à un système à deux dimensions tel que le graphène ou l’.
Topological quantum numberIn physics, a topological quantum number (also called topological charge) is any quantity, in a physical theory, that takes on only one of a discrete set of values, due to topological considerations. Most commonly, topological quantum numbers are topological invariants associated with topological defects or soliton-type solutions of some set of differential equations modeling a physical system, as the solitons themselves owe their stability to topological considerations.
Quantum spin liquidIn condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are generally characterized by their long-range quantum entanglement, fractionalized excitations, and absence of ordinary magnetic order. The quantum spin liquid state was first proposed by physicist Phil Anderson in 1973 as the ground state for a system of spins on a triangular lattice that interact antiferromagnetically with their nearest neighbors, i.
Chirality (physics)A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A symmetry transformation between the two is called parity transformation. Invariance under parity transformation by a Dirac fermion is called chiral symmetry. Helicity (particle physics) The helicity of a particle is positive (“right-handed”) if the direction of its spin is the same as the direction of its motion.
