AlgueLes algues sont des organismes vivants capables de produire de la photosynthèse oxygénique et dont le cycle de vie se déroule généralement en milieu aquatique. Elles constituent une part très importante de la biodiversité et la base principale des chaînes alimentaires des eaux douces, saumâtres et marines. Diverses espèces sont utilisées pour l'alimentation humaine, l'agriculture et l'industrie. Les algues ne constituent pas un groupe évolutif unique, mais rassemblent toute une série d'organismes pouvant appartenir à des groupes phylogénétiques très différents.
InvestissementSelon le vocabulaire de la comptabilité nationale, l’investissement (mesuré par la formation brute de capital fixe, en abrégé FBCF), peut être le fait de différents agents économiques : pour les entreprises : c'est la valeur des biens durables acquis pour être utilisés pendant au moins un an dans leur processus de production.
MicroalgueLe terme microalgue, parfois appelé microphyte, désigne les algues microscopiques. Les microalgues sont consommées depuis des milliers d’années dans le monde. Par exemple, des traces de la consommation de diverses espèces de microalgues au Mexique du temps des Aztèques ont été retrouvées. L’Europe et les pays industrialisés utilisent des microalgues en tant que compléments alimentaires pour lutter contre la malnutrition ainsi que pour l’aquaculture . Elles sont cultivées en milieu extérieur, dans des raceways, ou en milieu fermé, dans des photobioréacteurs.
Biofuel in SwedenBiofuels are renewable fuels that are produced by living organisms (biomass). Biofuels can be solid, gaseous or liquid, which comes in two forms: ethanol and biodiesel and often replace fossil fuels. Many countries now use biofuels as energy sources, including Sweden. Sweden has one of the highest usages of biofuel in all of Europe, at 32%, primarily due to the widespread commitment to E85, bioheating and bioelectricity.
Algae scrubberAn algae scrubber is a water filtering device (not to be confused with a scrubber pad used to clean glass) which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. Algae scrubbers allow saltwater, freshwater and pond hobbyists to operate their tanks using natural filtration in the form of primary production, much like oceans and lakes. An algae scrubber filters water by moving water rapidly over a rough, highly illuminated surface, which causes algae to start growing in large amounts.
BioenergyBioenergy is energy made or generated from biomass, which consists of recently living (but now dead) organisms, mainly plants. Types of biomass commonly used for bioenergy include wood, food crops such as corn, energy crops and waste from forests, yards, or farms. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) defines bioenergy as a renewable form of energy. Bioenergy can either mitigate (i.e. reduce) or increase greenhouse gas emissions. There is also agreement that local environmental impacts can be problematic.
Alternative fuel vehicleAn alternative fuel vehicle is a motor vehicle that runs on alternative fuel rather than traditional petroleum fuels (petrol or petrodiesel). The term also refers to any technology (e.g. electric cars, hybrid electric vehicles, solar-powered vehicles) powering an engine that does not solely involve petroleum. Because of a combination of factors, such as environmental concerns, high oil-prices and the potential for peak oil, development of cleaner alternative fuels and advanced power systems for vehicles has become a high priority for many governments and vehicle manufacturers around the world.
RhodophytaLes algues rouges, ou Rhodophytes (division des Rhodophyta), sont un grand taxon d'algues pour la plupart marines et pour la plupart multicellulaires (la plupart sont sessiles, c'est-à-dire qu'elles se développent fixées sur un substrat quelconque). Elles sont caractérisées par une composition pigmentaire avec un seul type de chlorophylle, la chlorophylle a, des caroténoïdes et des pigments caractéristiques, les phycobiliprotéines.
Low-carbon fuel standardA low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is an emissions trading rule designed to reduce the average carbon intensity of transportation fuels in a given jurisdiction, as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The most common methods for reducing transportation carbon emissions are supplying electricity to electric vehicles, supplying hydrogen fuel to fuel cell vehicles and blending biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, and renewable natural gas into fossil fuels.
Investment trustAn investment trust is a form of investment fund found mostly in the United Kingdom and Japan. Investment trusts are constituted as public limited companies and are therefore closed ended since the fund managers cannot redeem or create shares. The first investment trust was the Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust, started in 1868 "to give the investor of moderate means the same advantages as the large capitalists in diminishing the risk by spreading the investment over a number of stocks".
