Projective orthogonal groupIn projective geometry and linear algebra, the projective orthogonal group PO is the induced action of the orthogonal group of a quadratic space V = (V,Q) on the associated projective space P(V). Explicitly, the projective orthogonal group is the quotient group PO(V) = O(V)/ZO(V) = O(V)/{±I} where O(V) is the orthogonal group of (V) and ZO(V)={±I} is the subgroup of all orthogonal scalar transformations of V – these consist of the identity and reflection through the origin.
Ordered geometryOrdered geometry is a form of geometry featuring the concept of intermediacy (or "betweenness") but, like projective geometry, omitting the basic notion of measurement. Ordered geometry is a fundamental geometry forming a common framework for affine, Euclidean, absolute, and hyperbolic geometry (but not for projective geometry). Moritz Pasch first defined a geometry without reference to measurement in 1882. His axioms were improved upon by Peano (1889), Hilbert (1899), and Veblen (1904).
Peirce quincuncial projectionThe Peirce quincuncial projection is the conformal map projection from the sphere to an unfolded square dihedron, developed by Charles Sanders Peirce in 1879. Each octant projects onto an isosceles right triangle, and these are arranged into a square. The name quincuncial refers to this arrangement: the north pole at the center and quarters of the south pole in the corners form a quincunx pattern like the pips on the five face of a traditional die.
Théorème de représentation de Riesz (Fréchet-Riesz)En mathématiques, plus précisément en analyse fonctionnelle, le théorème de représentation de Riesz, en l'honneur du mathématicien Frigyes Riesz, est un théorème qui représente les éléments du dual d'un espace de Hilbert comme produit scalaire par un vecteur de l'espace. Ce théorème est aussi parfois appelé théorème de Fréchet-Riesz (à ne pas confondre avec le théorème de Riesz-Fréchet-Kolmogorov). Il s'apparente singulièrement au théorème de Lax-Milgram qui englobe l'énoncé ci-dessous.
