Impact of Embodied Energy on materials/buildings with partial replacement of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by natural Pozzolanic Volcanic Ash
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Most codes of practice adopt a semi probabilistic design approach for the dimensioning and assessment of structures. Accordingly, structural safety is ensured by performing limit state verifications using design values determined with adequately calibrated ...
Depending on the environmental conditions, concrete materials can come into contact with sulfate ions which are widely present in rivers, underground water, sewers, seawater and soil. Sulfates can react with the cement paste in concrete and cause damage wh ...
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The kaolinite content is principally responsible for the durability performance of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3), which calls into question its global applicability. The clay supply has a significant impact on the LC3 system's reduced carbon footpri ...
The calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) are without doubt one of the most important hydration products in a hardened cement paste. Giving the complexity of the microstructure that forms by hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the more recently use ...
Valorisation of locally available clays for producing blended cements is crucial for a widespread adoption of sustainable binders incorporating these materials. In some places, clays can be intermixed with small amounts of iron sulfides, which could eventu ...
As acknowledged explicitly or implicitly in most of current design codes, a high level of sustained loading has a detrimental effect on the concrete compressive strength. However, its beneficial effect in terms of deformation capacity is neglected in most ...
Producing limestone powder requires comparably far less energy than the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), making it a promising sustainable solution for partial replacement of OPC in concrete. Lower production energy could be translated into lo ...
The objective of this study is to analyse the mechanical and durability properties of a high-performance mortars based on low grade kaolin clay and the effect of electrical conductivity and pore microstructure on the chloride penetration resistance. A tota ...
Conventional formworks for concrete curved shells either are expensive, complex and wasteful or have formal restrictions. Using tile vaults (also known as timbrel, Guastavino, thin-tile or Catalan vaults) as stay-in-place formwork for concrete shells could ...