Mathématiques discrètesLes mathématiques discrètes, parfois appelées mathématiques finies, sont l'étude des structures mathématiques fondamentalement discrètes, par opposition aux structures continues. Contrairement aux nombres réels, qui ont la propriété de varier "en douceur", les objets étudiés en mathématiques discrètes (tels que les entiers relatifs, les graphes simples et les énoncés en logique) ne varient pas de cette façon, mais ont des valeurs distinctes séparées.
Finitely generated moduleIn mathematics, a finitely generated module is a module that has a finite generating set. A finitely generated module over a ring R may also be called a finite R-module, finite over R, or a module of finite type. Related concepts include finitely cogenerated modules, finitely presented modules, finitely related modules and coherent modules all of which are defined below. Over a Noetherian ring the concepts of finitely generated, finitely presented and coherent modules coincide.
Discrete two-point spaceIn topology, a branch of mathematics, a discrete two-point space is the simplest example of a totally disconnected discrete space. The points can be denoted by the symbols 0 and 1. Any disconnected space has a continuous mapping which is not constant onto the discrete two-point space. Conversely if a nonconstant continuous mapping to the discrete two-point space exists from a topological space, the space is disconnected.
Zero-dimensional spaceIn mathematics, a zero-dimensional topological space (or nildimensional space) is a topological space that has dimension zero with respect to one of several inequivalent notions of assigning a dimension to a given topological space. A graphical illustration of a nildimensional space is a point. Specifically: A topological space is zero-dimensional with respect to the Lebesgue covering dimension if every open cover of the space has a refinement which is a cover by disjoint open sets.
