NanoclusterNanoclusters are atomically precise, crystalline materials most often existing on the 0-2 nanometer scale. They are often considered kinetically stable intermediates that form during the synthesis of comparatively larger materials such as semiconductor and metallic nanocrystals. The majority of research conducted to study nanoclusters has focused on characterizing their crystal structures and understanding their role in the nucleation and growth mechanisms of larger materials.
Science des matériauxLa science des matériaux repose sur la relation entre les propriétés, la morphologie structurale et la mise en œuvre des matériaux qui constituent les objets qui nous entourent (métaux, polymères, semi-conducteurs, céramiques, composites, etc.). Elle se focalise sur l'étude des principales caractéristiques des matériaux, ainsi que leurs propriétés mécaniques, chimiques, électriques, thermiques, optiques et magnétiques. La science des matériaux est au cœur de beaucoup des grandes révolutions techniques.
Pattern languageA pattern language is an organized and coherent set of patterns, each of which describes a problem and the core of a solution that can be used in many ways within a specific field of expertise. The term was coined by architect Christopher Alexander and popularized by his 1977 book A Pattern Language. A pattern language can also be an attempt to express the deeper wisdom of what brings aliveness within a particular field of human endeavor, through a set of interconnected patterns.
Interprétation des loisL'interprétation des lois est la branche du droit qui examine les règles d'interprétation textuelle des textes de loi. Règle du sens ordinaire Approche téléologique Stéphane Beaulac et Frédéric Bérard, Précis d'interprétation législative, 2e édition, Montréal: LexisNexis Canada, 2014. Pierre-André Côté, avec la collaboration de Stéphane Beaulac et Mathieu Devinat, 4e édition, Interprétation des lois. Montréal : Éditions Thémis, 2009. Ruth Sullivan, Sullivan on the Construction of Statutes, 6th Edition, Toronto : LexiNexis Canada, 2014 Elmer Driedger, The Construction of Statutes.
Judicial interpretationJudicial interpretation is the way in which the judiciary construes the law, particularly constitutional documents, legislation and frequently used vocabulary. This is an important issue in some common law jurisdictions such as the United States, Australia and Canada, because the supreme courts of those nations can overturn laws made by their legislatures via a process called judicial review.
Quantum foundationsQuantum foundations is a discipline of science that seeks to understand the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum theory, reformulate it and even propose new generalizations thereof. Contrary to other physical theories, such as general relativity, the defining axioms of quantum theory are quite ad hoc, with no obvious physical intuition. While they lead to the right experimental predictions, they do not come with a mental picture of the world where they fit.
Rational egoismRational egoism (also called rational selfishness) is the principle that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one's self-interest. As such, it is considered a normative form of egoism, though historically has been associated with both positive and normative forms. In its strong form, rational egoism holds that to not pursue one's own interest is unequivocally irrational. Its weaker form, however, holds that while it is rational to pursue self-interest, failing to pursue self-interest is not always irrational.
Observateur (patron de conception)Le patron observateur est un patron de conception de la famille des patrons comportementaux. Il s'agit de l'un des vingt-trois patrons de l'ouvrage du « Gang of Four » Design Patterns – Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Il est utilisé pour envoyer un signal à des modules qui jouent le rôle dobservateurs. En cas de notification, les observateurs effectuent alors l'action adéquate en fonction des informations qui parviennent depuis les modules qu'ils observent (les observables).
