Opening (morphology)In mathematical morphology, opening is the dilation of the erosion of a set A by a structuring element B: where and denote erosion and dilation, respectively. Together with closing, the opening serves in computer vision and as a basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening removes small objects from the foreground (usually taken as the bright pixels) of an image, placing them in the background, while closing removes small holes in the foreground, changing small islands of background into foreground.
Malaria prophylaxisMalaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development. For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria chemoprevention is recommended. It improves anemia and parasite level in the blood for the pregnant women and the birthweight in their infants. Risk management Bite prevention—clothes that cover as much skin as possible, insect repellent, insecticide-impregnated bed nets and indoor residual spraying Chemoprophylaxis Rapid diagnosis and treatment Recent improvements in malaria prevention strategies have further enhanced its effectiveness in combating areas highly infected with the malaria parasite.
Antimalarial medicationAntimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women. As of 2018, modern treatments, including for severe malaria, continued to depend on therapies deriving historically from quinine and artesunate, both parenteral (injectable) drugs, expanding from there into the many classes of available modern drugs.
Romanowsky stainRomanowsky staining, also known as Romanowsky–Giemsa staining, is a prototypical staining technique that was the forerunner of several distinct but similar stains widely used in hematology (the study of blood) and cytopathology (the study of diseased cells). Romanowsky-type stains are used to differentiate cells for microscopic examination in pathological specimens, especially blood and bone marrow films, and to detect parasites such as malaria within the blood.
Digital image processingDigital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process s through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over . It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems.
Plasmodium falciparumPlasmodium falciparum est une des espèces de Plasmodium, des parasites qui causent le paludisme chez l'être humain. Il est transmis par la piqûre d'anophèle femelle (un moustique). P. falciparum est le plus dangereux de ces parasites causant le paludisme car il entraîne le taux de mortalité le plus élevé. En outre, il représente 80 % de toutes les infections malariques humaines et 90 % des décès. Il est plus répandu en Afrique subdésertique que dans d'autres régions du monde.
Plasmodium vivaxPlasmodium vivax est la cause la plus fréquente de la fièvre tierce bénigne, l'une des formes du paludisme encore appelé malaria. Cette maladie est moins virulente que le P. falciparum, et souvent considérée comme bénigne. Elle est néanmoins débilitante et parfois mortelle, et économiquement coûteuse (coût estimé entre 1,4 et 4 milliards de dollars américains par an) dans de nombreux pays tropicaux et tempérés hors d'Afrique.
Medical image computingMedical image computing (MIC) is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of computer science, information engineering, electrical engineering, physics, mathematics and medicine. This field develops computational and mathematical methods for solving problems pertaining to medical images and their use for biomedical research and clinical care. The main goal of MIC is to extract clinically relevant information or knowledge from medical images.
Frottis sanguinUn frottis sanguin est du sang étalé sur une lame de microscope, dans le but d'observer ses cellules et aussi les dénombrer. Le frottis doit subir une coloration pour révéler certaines cellules qui sans cela seraient transparentes, donc non visibles. Il permet également de repérer un éventuel parasite dans le sang comme l'agent du paludisme, le Plasmodium falciparum. Étaler une goutte de sang uniformément sur une lame de verre, de manière à obtenir une seule couche de cellules.
GamétocyteUn gamétocyte est une cellule germinale eucaryote qui se divise par mitose en d'autres gamétocytes ou par méiose en gamétides pendant la gamétogenèse. Les gamétocytes mâles sont appelés spermatocytes et les gamétocytes femelles sont appelés ovocytes. Le développement de la gamétogonie en gamétocytes primaires s'appelle la gamétocytogenèse. Le développement ultérieur des gamétocytes primaires en gamétocytes secondaires fait partie de la gamétidogenèse. La gamétogenèse est la formation ou la production de gamètes (ayant lieu pendant la méiose).
