AdénocarcinomeUn adénocarcinome est une tumeur maligne développée aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire. Le terme est à distinguer de celui d'adénome qui désigne une tumeur développée aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire, mais bénigne. En pratique, une tumeur est reconnue comme adénocarcinome lorsque son analyse microscopique anatomo-pathologique démontre un aspect de glande (tubes glandulaires) ou la présence de sécrétions mucineuses (muco-sécrétions).
Tumeur neuroendocrinienneLes tumeurs neuroendocriniennes ou tumeurs neuroendocrines (TNE) sont des tumeurs (néoplasmes) qui se forment à partir d'un développement désordonné de cellules du système endocrine (hormonal) et du système nerveux. Ces tumeurs particulières sont le plus souvent bénignes, mais quelques-unes sont malignes et peuvent facilement métastaser. La plupart se forment dans l'intestin et le poumon, mais on en trouve ailleurs dans le corps, sur les organes ayant des fonctions de glandes ou voisin ( pénis, voisin du testicule).
Combination drugA combination drug or a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. Terms like "combination drug" or "combination drug product" can be common shorthand for an FDC product (since most combination drug products are currently FDCs), although the latter is more precise if in fact referring to a mass-produced product having a predetermined combination of drugs and respective dosages (as opposed to customized polypharmacy via compounding).
Breast cancer screeningBreast cancer screening is the medical screening of asymptomatic, apparently healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to achieve an earlier diagnosis. The assumption is that early detection will improve outcomes. A number of screening tests have been employed, including clinical and self breast exams, mammography, genetic screening, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. A clinical or self breast exam involves feeling the breast for lumps or other abnormalities.
AssayAn assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. The measured entity is often called the analyte, the measurand, or the target of the assay. The analyte can be a drug, biochemical substance, chemical element or compound, or cell in an organism or organic sample.
SynergieLa synergie est un type de phénomène par lequel plusieurs facteurs agissant en commun ensemble créent un effet global ; un effet synergique distinct de tout ce qui aurait pu se produire s'ils avaient opéré isolément, que ce soit chacun de son côté ou tous réunis mais œuvrant indépendamment. Il y a donc l'idée d'une coopération créative. Le terme possède ainsi couramment une connotation positive, et il est utilisé pour désigner un résultat plus favorable lorsque plusieurs éléments d'un système ou d'une organisation agissent de concert.
Breast cancer awarenessBreast cancer awareness is an effort to raise awareness and reduce the stigma of breast cancer through education about screening, symptoms, and treatment. Supporters hope that greater knowledge will lead to earlier detection of breast cancer, which is associated with higher long-term survival rates, and that money raised for breast cancer will produce a reliable, permanent cure. Breast cancer advocacy and awareness efforts are a type of health advocacy. Breast cancer advocates raise funds and lobby for better care, more knowledge, and more patient empowerment.
Approved drugAn approved drug is a medicinal preparation that has been validated for a therapeutic use by a ruling authority of a government. This process is usually specific by country, unless specified otherwise. In the United States, the FDA approves drugs. Before a drug can be prescribed, it must undergo the FDA's approval process. While a drug can feasibly be used off-label (for non-approved indications), it still is required to be approved for a specific disease or medical condition.
Chemotherapy regimenA chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via cytotoxicity. A fundamental philosophy of medical oncology, including combination chemotherapy, is that different drugs work through different mechanisms, and that the results of using multiple drugs will be synergistic to some extent.
Kinase du lymphome anaplasiqueLa kinase du lymphome anaplasique (ou ALK pour anaplastic lymphoma kinase) est une tyrosine kinase. Son gène dit ALK est situé sur le chromosome 2 humain. Elle est impliquée dans plusieurs cancers. Certains cancers pulmonaires comportent une fusion de l'ALK avec l'EML4 (). C'est le cas notamment d'environ 5 % des adénocarcinomes pulmonaires, ces derniers comportant certaines caractéristiques cliniques : sujets plus jeunes, non fumeurs. Le crizotinib est un inhibiteur de l'ALK qui s'avère efficace dans le traitement des cancers du poumon impliquant la fusion EML4-ALK.
