Cas9thumb|236px|Une structure du Cas9 de S. aureus dans un complexe avec un ARN guide (haut) et son ADN cible (bas). Cas9 (en) est une protéine d'origine bactérienne aux propriétés anti-virales. Sa capacité à couper l'ADN au niveau de séquences spécifiques en a fait un outil de biologie moléculaire aux vastes perspectives d'utilisation. C'est une endonucléase d'ADN guidée par ARN, c'est-à-dire une enzyme spécialisée pour couper l'ADN avec deux zones de coupe actives, une pour chaque brin de la double hélice.
S phaseS phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. G1/S transition Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling.
Homology directed repairHomology-directed repair (HDR) is a mechanism in cells to repair double-strand DNA lesions. The most common form of HDR is homologous recombination. The HDR mechanism can only be used by the cell when there is a homologous piece of DNA present in the nucleus, mostly in G2 and S phase of the cell cycle. Other examples of homology-directed repair include single-strand annealing and breakage-induced replication. When the homologous DNA is absent, another process called non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) takes place instead.
InducerIn molecular biology, an inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression. An inducer functions in two ways; namely: By disabling repressors. The gene is expressed because an inducer binds to the repressor. The binding of the inducer to the repressor prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase can then begin to transcribe operon genes. By binding to activators. Activators generally bind poorly to activator DNA sequences unless an inducer is present.
