Causal reasoningCausal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect. The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one. The first known protoscientific study of cause and effect occurred in Aristotle's Physics. Causal inference is an example of causal reasoning. Causal relationships may be understood as a transfer of force.
Sélection artificielleSelective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, cultivars, or breeds.
Selective exposure theorySelective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as "congeniality bias" or "confirmation bias" in various texts throughout the years. According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset.
Mutisme sélectifLe mutisme sélectif est un trouble anxieux dans lequel un individu capable de parler en temps normal devient incapable de parler lors de situations particulières. Le mutisme sélectif coexiste habituellement avec la timidité, l'anxiété sociale et l'autisme. Bien que ce trouble soit observé en grande partie chez les enfants, il est également présent chez certains adultes, notamment ceux atteints de troubles du spectre autistique. La présence de ce symptôme chez les personnes autistes est aussi appelée "non-verbalisme".
