Intelligence animalethumb|right|300px|Une comparaison du cerveau de différents mammifères. « Intelligence animale » est une expression renvoyant aux capacités cognitives des animaux et à leur étude. Le sujet a donné lieu à de nombreux travaux dont les résultats offrent non seulement une meilleure compréhension du monde animal mais aussi, par extension, des pistes pour l’étude de l'intelligence humaine. Différents groupes d'espèces se démarquent par leurs aptitudes intellectuelles lors des recherches sur l'éthologie cognitive.
Animal languageAnimal languages are forms of non-human animal communication that show similarities to human language. Animals communicate through a variety of signs, such as sounds or movements. Signing among animals may be considered complex enough to be a form of language if the inventory of signs is large. The signs are relatively arbitrary, and the animals seem to produce them with a degree of volition (as opposed to relatively automatic conditioned behaviors or unconditioned instincts, usually including facial expressions).
Olney's lesionsOlney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAT), is a form of brain damage observed in rats and certain other model animals exposed to large quantities of psychoactive drugs that inhibit the normal operation of the neuronal NMDA receptor. Such lesions are common in anesthesia, as well as certain psychiatric treatments. The visible signs of NAT are named after John Olney, who conducted a study in 1989 to investigate neurotoxicity caused by PCP and related drugs.
Human–animal communicationHuman–animal communication is the communication observed between humans and other animals, ranging from non-verbal cues and vocalizations to the use of language. Some human–animal communication may be observed in casual circumstances, such as the interactions between pets and their owners, which can reflect a form of spoken, while not necessarily verbal dialogue. A dog being scolded is able to grasp the message by interpreting cues such as the owner's stance, tone of voice, and body language.
AtomoxétineL'atomoxétine est un médicament utilisé pour traiter le trouble du déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité. Ce médicament est retiré de la vente en France depuis le 13 juillet 2012. Il avait reçu une autorisation de mise sur le marché en France le 28 juin 2010 et est sur le marché aux États-Unis depuis 2002, au Royaume-Uni depuis 2004 et dans les autres pays européens à l'exception de la France depuis 2004 à 2005.
