Fuel efficiencyFuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous . Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process.
Lithographie extrême ultravioletvignette|La technologie EUV. vignette|Outil de lithographie EUV. La lithographie extrême ultraviolet ou lithographie EUV est un procédé de photolithographie assez semblable aux procédés de lithographie classiques actuels. Il utilise un rayonnement ultraviolet (UV) d'une longueur d'onde de l'ordre de dix à quinze nanomètres (le rayonnement EUV avoisine donc la gamme des rayons X-mous), en remplaçant les objectifs (ou masques dits « en transmission ») par une série de miroirs de précision (exemple des masques dits « en réflexion »).
Energy transformationEnergy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat. In addition to being converted, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy is transferable to a different location or object, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
