Motor systemThe motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system.
Psychologie cliniqueLa visée de la psychologie clinique est de faire accéder le patient à la cessation de ses souffrances psychiques. Dans cette optique, le clinicien tente d'isoler et de comprendre les signes cliniques et symptômes qui touchent l'individu. Selon André Rey c’est le suisse Edouard Claparède qui a le premier utilisé le terme de « psychologie clinique », qui devait selon lui permettre de « transporter les ressources de la psychologie expérimentale au lit du malade ».
MotoneuroneLes motoneurones constituent la voie de sortie du système nerveux central ou la voie finale de tout acte moteur. Les corps cellulaires des motoneurones sont situés soit dans le tronc cérébral, soit dans la corne ventrale de la substance grise de la moelle épinière. Chaque motoneurone possède un axone qui part du système nerveux central pour innerver les fibres musculaires d'un muscle. L'ensemble constitué par un motoneurone et les fibres musculaires qu'il innerve constitue une unité motrice.
Trouble de l'humeurLe trouble de l'humeur est un groupe de diagnostics en provenance du système de classification du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux dans lequel la thymie est principalement induite. Ce groupe de diagnostics est référencé sous le terme de dans la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM-10). Deux groupes de troubles de l'humeur sont largement reconnus ; cette division est basée sur le cas éventuel d'un patient ayant connu des épisodes maniaques ou hypomaniaques.
Brain stimulation rewardBrain stimulation reward (BSR) is a pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions, originally discovered by James Olds and Peter Milner. BSR can serve as a robust operant reinforcer. Targeted stimulation activates the reward system circuitry and establishes response habits similar to those established by natural rewards, such as food and sex. Experiments on BSR soon demonstrated that stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, along with other regions of the brain associated with natural reward, was both rewarding as well as motivation-inducing.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is the use of electric current produced by a device to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes. TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation although the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable stimulators used to reduce pain. The unit is usually connected to the skin using two or more electrodes which are typically conductive gel pads.
Effects of long-term benzodiazepine useThe effects of long-term benzodiazepine use include drug dependence as well as the possibility of adverse effects on cognitive function, physical health, and mental health. Long-term use is sometimes described as use not shorter than three months. Benzodiazepines are generally effective when used therapeutically in the short term, but even then the risk of dependency can be significantly high. There are significant physical, mental and social risks associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines.
Fine motor skillFine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles in movement with the eyes, hands and fingers. The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be related to the nervous system. Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human development. Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures. Typically, they are categorised into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
PerformanceA performance is an act of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function. In the work place, job performance is the hypothesized conception or requirements of a role. There are two types of job performances: contextual and task. Task performance is dependent on cognitive ability, while contextual performance is dependent on personality.
Spectacle vivantLe spectacle vivant se caractérise par la coprésence d'actants (ceux qui donnent à voir et à entendre) et d'un public (ceux qui ont accepté de voir et d'entendre). En cela, le spectacle vivant désigne de nombreux modes d'expression artistique, de la représentation à l'improvisation : le théâtre, la danse, les arts du cirque, les arts de la rue, les arts de la marionnette, l'opéra, le spectacle de rue et la musique live.
