Purification de l'eauvignette|Usine de traitement de l'eau à Fontburn, dans le nord de l'Angleterre. La purification de l'eau regroupe l'ensemble des techniques et méthodes permettant d'obtenir de l'« eau de procédé » à partir d'eau potable. Beaucoup d'industries utilisent de l'eau douce pour leurs procédés de production. L'eau de procédé peut avoir différents noms – et différentes caractéristiques – selon l'industrie et l'application, par exemple : « eau purifiée » et « eau pour préparation injectable » (eau PPI) dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ; « eau ultrapure » ou « eau » en microélectronique.
Marine microorganismsMarine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse. They can be single-celled or multicellular and include bacteria, archaea, viruses and most protozoa, as well as some fungi, algae, and animals, such as rotifers and copepods.
Matrix isolationMatrix isolation is an experimental technique used in chemistry and physics. It generally involves a material being trapped within an unreactive matrix. A host matrix is a continuous solid phase in which guest particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) are embedded. The guest is said to be isolated within the host matrix. Initially the term matrix-isolation was used to describe the placing of a chemical species in any unreactive material, often polymers or resins, but more recently has referred specifically to gases in low-temperature solids.
ExogenyIn a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity () is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeneity or endogeny, the fact of being influenced within a system. In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by the model. Such changes of an economic model from outside factors can include the influence of technology, in which this had previously been noted as an exogenous factor, but has rather been noted as a factor that can depict economic forces as a whole.
