Candidate geneThe candidate gene approach to conducting genetic association studies focuses on associations between genetic variation within pre-specified genes of interest, and phenotypes or disease states. This is in contrast to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which is a hypothesis-free approach that scans the entire genome for associations between common genetic variants (typically SNPs) and traits of interest. Candidate genes are most often selected for study based on a priori knowledge of the gene's biological functional impact on the trait or disease in question.
Cell potencyCell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency. Totipotency (Lat. totipotentia, "ability for all [things]") is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism.
Ovairealt=Une compresse blanche avec deux ovaires et leur tissu conjonctif associé. Les ovaires sont clairs et à leur surface sont distinguables des reliefs semblables à des bulles ; ce sont les follicules ovariens qui ont mûri.|vignette|Deux ovaires de chatte entourés de leur bourse ovarienne. Des follicules ovariens mûrs sont présents à leur surface. right|thumb|200px|Appareil reproducteur interne de la femme Les ovaires sont les gonades femelles, où sont produits les ovules.
Pregnancy ratePregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant. It is the percentage of all attempts that leads to pregnancy, with attempts generally referring to menstrual cycles where insemination or any artificial equivalent is used, which may be simple artificial insemination (AI) or AI with additional in vitro fertilization (IVF). There is no universally accepted definition of the term. Thus in IVF pregnancy rates may be based on initiated treatment cycles, cycles that underwent oocyte retrieval, or cycles where an embryo transfer was performed.
Mosaïque (génétique)vignette|Le Croton, exemple de mosaïcisme chromosomique qui s'exprime au niveau de la variégation de la couleur de ses feuilles. La mosaïque, appelée aussi le mosaïcisme, correspond à la coexistence, chez un même individu, de deux ou plusieurs populations cellulaires de génotypes différents (caryotypes différents dans le cas du mosaïcisme chromosomique), toutes dérivées d'un même œuf fécondé. Dans le cas de maladie génétique, un individu peut avoir à la fois des cellules saines et des cellules présentant une anomalie génétique.
Fallopian tube obstructionFallopian tube obstruction, also known as fallopian tube occlusion is a major cause of female infertility. Blocked fallopian tubes are unable to let the ovum and the sperm converge, thus making fertilization impossible. Fallopian tubes are also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx). Approximately 20% of female infertility can be attributed to tubal causes. Distal tubal obstruction (affecting the distal tubal opening (towards the ovary) is typically associated with hydrosalpinx formation and often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
