Ammonia productionAmmonia production takes place worldwide, mostly in large-scale manufacturing plants that produce 235 million tonnes of ammonia (2021) annually. Leading producers are China (31.9%), Russia (8.7%), India (7.5%), and the United States (7.1%). 80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production of plastics, fibres, explosives, nitric acid (via the Ostwald process), and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals. The industry contributes 1% to 2% of global CO2.
Biomass to liquidBiomass to liquid (BtL or BMtL) is a multi-step process of producing synthetic hydrocarbon fuels made from biomass via a thermochemical route. According to a study done by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy, the United States can produce at least 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass each year without decreasing the amount of biomass needed for food, animal feed, or exports. The Fischer–Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels from gasified biomass.
Crise alimentaire mondiale de 2007-2008thumb|181px|37 pays menacés de famine selon le FAO en 2007-2008. thumb|181px|Emeute de la faim depuis 2008. La crise alimentaire mondiale de 2007-2008 a pour origine une forte hausse du prix des denrées alimentaires de base, plongeant dans un état de crise quelques-unes des régions les plus pauvres du monde et causant une instabilité politique et des émeutes dans plusieurs pays. thumb|Diagramme du cours au niveau des exploitants agricoles du maïs, du blé et du soja aux États-Unis de 1990 à 2008, avec les prévisions jusqu'en 2016.
