Plasmonic metamaterialA plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature. Plasmons are produced from the interaction of light with metal-dielectric materials. Under specific conditions, the incident light couples with the surface plasmons to create self-sustaining, propagating electromagnetic waves known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Once launched, the SPPs ripple along the metal-dielectric interface. Compared with the incident light, the SPPs can be much shorter in wavelength.
Negative-index metamaterialNegative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. NIMs are constructed of periodic basic parts called unit cells, which are usually significantly smaller than the wavelength of the externally applied electromagnetic radiation. The unit cells of the first experimentally investigated NIMs were constructed from circuit board material, or in other words, wires and dielectrics.
Onde acoustique de surfaceUne onde acoustique de surface (SAW pour Surface Acoustic Wave -- une onde acoustique se réfère a la propagation du son) est une onde élastique qui se propage à la surface d'un matériau élastique (en général un solide), avec une amplitude qui décroît avec la profondeur du substrat. Les ondes élastiques de surface ont été découvertes par Lord Rayleigh, il décrit dans son article datant de 1885 le mode de propagation ainsi que les propriétés de ce type d'onde.
Field-programmable gate arrayA field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacturing. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, but this is increasingly rare due to the advent of electronic design automation tools. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects allowing blocks to be wired together.
Instrument à résonateurLes instruments à résonateur désignent des instruments de percussion à cordes pincées ou frottées d'une conception particulière : ils amplifient mécaniquement les vibrations des cordes grâce à un (ou trois) cône très fin en aluminium à la place d'une table d'harmonie ou d'une peau. Avant même l'apparition des instruments à résonateurs présenté comme tels, différents systèmes d'amplification du son avaient été utilisés. August Stroh fut le créateur d'un système qui semble être sinon l'origine, au moins un prédécesseur des résonateurs.
Son (physique)vignette|upright=1|Propagation d'ondes sphériques de pression dans un fluide. Le son est une vibration mécanique d'un fluide, qui se propage sous forme dondes longitudinales grâce à la déformation élastique de ce fluide. Les êtres humains, comme beaucoup d'animaux, ressentent cette vibration grâce au sens de l'ouïe. L'acoustique est la science qui étudie les sons ; la psychoacoustique étudie la manière dont les organes du corps humain ressentent et l'être humain perçoit et interprète les sons.
Programmable Array LogicProgrammable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. MMI obtained a registered trademark on the term PAL for use in "Programmable Semiconductor Logic Circuits". The trademark is currently held by Lattice Semiconductor. PAL devices consisted of a small PROM (programmable read-only memory) core and additional output logic used to implement particular desired logic functions with few components.
Programmable logic arrayA programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits. The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes, which link to a set of programmable OR gate planes, which can then be conditionally complemented to produce an output. It has 2N AND gates for N input variables, and for M outputs from PLA, there should be M OR gates, each with programmable inputs from all of the AND gates. This layout allows for many logic functions to be synthesized in the sum of products canonical forms.
Sound recording and reproductionSound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Sound recording is the transcription of invisible vibrations in air onto a storage medium such as a phonograph disc. The process is reversed in sound reproduction, and the variations stored on the medium are transformed back into sound waves.
Absorption (acoustics)Acoustic absorption refers to the process by which a material, structure, or object takes in sound energy when sound waves are encountered, as opposed to reflecting the energy. Part of the absorbed energy is transformed into heat and part is transmitted through the absorbing body. The energy transformed into heat is said to have been 'lost'. When sound from a loudspeaker collides with the walls of a room part of the sound's energy is reflected, part is transmitted, and part is absorbed into the walls.
