Cristal photoniqueLes cristaux photoniques sont des structures périodiques de matériaux diélectriques, semi-conducteurs ou métallo-diélectriques modifiant la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques de la même manière qu'un potentiel périodique dans un cristal semi-conducteur affecte le déplacement des électrons en créant des bandes d'énergie autorisées et interdites. Les longueurs d'onde pouvant se propager dans le cristal se nomment des modes dont la représentation énergie-vecteur d'onde forme des bandes.
Tantalum capacitorA tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits. It consists of a pellet of porous tantalum metal as an anode, covered by an insulating oxide layer that forms the dielectric, surrounded by liquid or solid electrolyte as a cathode. Because of its very thin and relatively high permittivity dielectric layer, the tantalum capacitor distinguishes itself from other conventional and electrolytic capacitors in having high capacitance per volume (high volumetric efficiency) and lower weight.
Film capacitorFilm capacitors, plastic film capacitors, film dielectric capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, generically called film caps as well as power film capacitors, are electrical capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes. The dielectric films, depending on the desired dielectric strength, are drawn in a special process to an extremely thin thickness, and are then provided with electrodes.
Photoniquevignette|Image de la lumière d'un laser ultra large-bande émergeant d'une fibre monomode de cristal photonique dont on voit la sortie à droite (point blanc).|alt=Sur fond noir une grande tache en forme d'étoile irisée à gauche et un petit point blanc à droite. La photonique est la branche de la physique concernant l'étude et la fabrication de composants permettant la génération, la transmission, le traitement (modulation, amplification) ou la conversion de signaux optiques.
Electrolytic capacitorAn electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor. Because of their very thin dielectric oxide layer and enlarged anode surface, electrolytic capacitors have a much higher capacitance-voltage (CV) product per unit volume than ceramic capacitors or film capacitors, and so can have large capacitance values.
PhotodiodeUne photodiode est un composant semi-conducteur ayant la capacité de capter un rayonnement du domaine optique et de le transformer en signal électrique. Comme beaucoup de diodes en électronique elle est constituée d'une jonction PN. Cette configuration de base fut améliorée par l'introduction d'une zone intrinsèque (I) pour constituer la photodiode PIN. En absence de polarisation (appelé mode photovoltaïque) elle crée une tension. En polarisation inverse par une alimentation externe (mode photoampérique), elle crée un courant.
Capacitor typesCapacitors are manufactured in many styles, forms, dimensions, and from a large variety of materials. They all contain at least two electrical conductors, called plates, separated by an insulating layer (dielectric). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Capacitors, together with resistors and inductors, belong to the group of passive components in electronic equipment.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitorAluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized electrolytic capacitors whose anode electrode (+) is made of a pure aluminum foil with an etched surface. The aluminum forms a very thin insulating layer of aluminum oxide by anodization that acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A non-solid electrolyte covers the rough surface of the oxide layer, serving in principle as the second electrode (cathode) (-) of the capacitor. A second aluminum foil called “cathode foil” contacts the electrolyte and serves as the electrical connection to the negative terminal of the capacitor.
CondensateurUn condensateur est un composant électronique élémentaire, constitué de deux armatures conductrices (appelées « électrodes ») en influence totale et séparées par un isolant polarisable (ou « diélectrique »). Sa propriété principale est de pouvoir stocker des charges électriques opposées sur ses armatures. La valeur absolue de ces charges est proportionnelle à la valeur absolue de la tension qui lui est appliquée.
Active-pixel sensorAn active-pixel sensor (APS) is an , which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active transistors. In a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) active-pixel sensor, MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used as amplifiers. There are different types of APS, including the early NMOS APS and the now much more common complementary MOS (CMOS) APS, also known as the CMOS sensor.
