BioremédiationLa bioremédiation consiste en la décontamination de milieux pollués au moyen de techniques issues de la dégradation chimique ou d'autres activités d'organismes vivants. Empiler et humidifier des résidus organiques permet la décomposition biologique : un processus connu comme le compostage de déchets organiques. La technologie a été étendue pour inclure le traitement de déchets alimentaires, des déchets agricoles et des eaux usées. Plus récemment, la bioremédiation a été appliquée au traitement des déchets dangereux.
Predictive modellingPredictive modelling uses statistics to predict outcomes. Most often the event one wants to predict is in the future, but predictive modelling can be applied to any type of unknown event, regardless of when it occurred. For example, predictive models are often used to detect crimes and identify suspects, after the crime has taken place. In many cases, the model is chosen on the basis of detection theory to try to guess the probability of an outcome given a set amount of input data, for example given an email determining how likely that it is spam.
PhyllosphèreEn microbiologie, la phyllosphère est l'ensemble des parties des plantes situées au-dessus du niveau du sol et considéré comme habitat pour les micro-organismes. Notamment en raison du caractère mortel ou inhibiteur des UV solaires pour de nombreux microbes de la phyllosphère, les habitats microbiens et fongiques sont préférentiellement situés au-dessous du niveau du sol (et surtout dans la mince partie du sol qui gaine les racines et des tiges souterraines) sont considérés comme, respectivement, la rhizosphère et la (ou laïmosphère).
RhizobacteriaRhizobacteria are root-associated bacteria that can have a detrimental (parasitic varieties), neutral or beneficial effect on plant growth. The name comes from the Greek rhiza, meaning root. The term usually refers to bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants (mutualism). Rhizobacteria are often referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, or PGPRs. The term PGPRs was first used by Joseph W. Kloepper in the late 1970s and has become commonly used in scientific literature.
Adaptive mutationAdaptive mutation, also called directed mutation or directed mutagenesis is a controversial evolutionary theory. It posits that mutations, or genetic changes, are much less random and more purposeful than traditional evolution, implying that organisms can respond to environmental stresses by directing mutations to certain genes or areas of the genome. There have been a wide variety of experiments trying to support (or disprove) the idea of adaptive mutation, at least in microorganisms.
