Publication

Wearable multi-electrode platform for ion sensing

Francesca Criscuolo
2020
Thèse EPFL
Résumé

With the growth of personalized medicine and e-Health, there has been an increasing interest in the development of accurate sensing systems able to support this healthcare revolution for both in- and off-hospital monitoring. Remote biosensing devices can dramatically simplify the acquisition, management and exchange of clinical data and facilitate check-ups without moving the patient and/or the physician. In addition, the emerging data-driven healthcare model enables the delivery of personalized treatments, the so-called personalized medicine. This is a recent branch of medicine that tackles the low efficacy of many pharmacological treatments as it is now well-known that the response of each individual may vary significantly from person to person. Wearable devices occupy a primary role in this data-driven revolution to collect data in medicine. Despite the great research efforts, current wearable biosensors still have several issues, such as poor collection, separate sampling and analysis, low multi-sensing capabilities, and lack of data correlating sweat and blood values. Progress in materials science to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, detection range, and reduce costs is also needed. This thesis investigates and addresses some of the challenges related to wearable chemical sensors, with particular interest on sweat sensing. This field is very attractive as this biofluid is highly promising as alternative to blood in diagnostics. In fact, it is readily accessible and reproducible, it does not require invasive procedures like blood collection, it contains several recognized biomarkers with diagnostic capabilities and good correlation with blood values, and it can be easily monitored continuously. In this thesis, a wearable electrochemical platform addressing some of these challenges is fabricated. This device enables the monitoring of several ions for different applications: Li+ for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring(TDM) of people affected by psychiatric disorders, Pb2+ for the control of heavy metal contamination, K+ and Na+ for tracking of physical exercise. The sensing is based on the use of Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes(SC-ISEs) with noble metal nanostructures. These materials are efficiently deposited in a fast on-step electrodeposition process. We demonstrate the superior behavior of our sensors in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and stability both on macro and miniaturized electrodes. The sensors are successfully proposed for the first time for the monitoring of Lithium levels in sweat for applications in TDM of psychiatric disorders. Lead sensors are also fabricated and tested in sweat to propose an innovative method for the control of heavy metal contamination. In addition, the detection of sweat Potassium and Sodium for physical exercise and hydration monitoring is also demonstrated. A custom-made flexible electrochemical sensing system including a temperature sensor, a stable reference electrode and several ion-sensing channels is fabricated by lithographic techniques. The platform is integrated with a low-cost cotton fluidics that enables the collection of fresh sweat and the disposal of the already-tested sample fluid. The successful tracking of Na+ and K+ in human volunteers during physical exercise is reported. With its high accuracy, selectivity and stability, this device represents an important step towards the development of efficient and low-cost non-invasive healthcare tracking systems for e-Health.

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Concepts associés (49)
Médecine personnalisée
La médecine personnalisée est une médecine cherchant à améliorer la stratification et la prise en charge des patients en utilisant des informations biologiques et des biomarqueurs au niveau des voies moléculaires des maladies, de la génétique, de la protéomique ainsi que de la métabolomique. La définition de la médecine personnalisée n’a pas été véritablement établie et est parfois floue.
Biosenseur
Un biosenseur (aussi appelé biocapteur) est un dispositif détecteur, semi-biologique associant trois éléments : l'échantillon à étudier : eau, air, sol, matériel biologique (tissus, micro-organismes, organites, récepteurs cellulaires, enzymes, anticorps, acides nucléiques, organismes génétiquement modifié, ou matériel issu d'OGM, etc.) un élément capteur (éventuellement sous la forme d'une puce électronique) détectant des changements physico-chimiques sous forme de signaux (présence/absence) biochimiques et/ou physiques ou chimique dans un milieu (externe ou interne au corps humain) et émettant un signal biologique.
Trouble psychique
Un trouble psychique, qui peut être également désigné sous les termes de trouble psychiatrique ou encore de trouble mental, désigne un ensemble d'affections et troubles d'origines très différentes entraînant des difficultés dans la vie d'un individu et/ou de son entourage, des souffrances et des troubles émotionnels et du comportement. Les troubles psychiques touchent toutes les populations, sans distinction de sexe ou d'âge. Ces troubles peuvent être chroniques ou permanents.
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