Système endomembranaireLe système endomembranaire se compose des différentes membranes internes qui sont en suspension dans le cytoplasme d'une cellule eucaryote. Ces membranes divisent la cellule en compartiments fonctionnels et structurels appelés organites. Chez les eucaryotes, les organites du système endomembranaire comprennent : la partie externe de la membrane nucléaire, le réticulum endoplasmique, l'appareil de Golgi, les lysosomes, les vacuoles, les vésicules et des endosomes.
Transmission electron cryomicroscopyTransmission electron cryomicroscopy (CryoTEM), commonly known as cryo-EM, is a form of cryogenic electron microscopy, more specifically a type of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid-nitrogen temperatures). Cryo-EM is gaining popularity in structural biology. The utility of transmission electron cryomicroscopy stems from the fact that it allows the observation of specimens that have not been stained or fixed in any way, showing them in their native environment.
TreadmillingIn molecular biology, treadmilling is a phenomenon observed within protein filaments of the cytoskeletons of many cells, especially in actin filaments and microtubules. It occurs when one end of a filament grows in length while the other end shrinks, resulting in a section of filament seemingly "moving" across a stratum or the cytosol. This is due to the constant removal of the protein subunits from these filaments at one end of the filament, while protein subunits are constantly added at the other end.
