Analyse des exigencesEn ingénierie des systèmes et en ingénierie logicielle, l'analyse des exigences comprend les tâches qui ont pour but de déterminer les exigences d'un système nouveau ou à modifier, en prenant en compte le conflit possible entre les exigences de diverses parties prenantes, telles que les utilisateurs. L'analyse des exigences est critique pour le succès d'un projet. Les interviews de parties prenantes sont une méthode communément employée dans l'analyse des exigences.
Exigence (ingénierie)Une est, dans le domaine de l'ingénierie, un besoin, une nécessité, une attente auquel un produit ou un service doit répondre ou une contrainte qu'il doit satisfaire. L'exigence peut être exprimée par une partie prenante (utilisateur, client, commercial, analyste de marchés, gestionnaire de produits, etc.) ou déterminée par les processus d'ingénierie et en particulier les activités d'études. L'approche commune à tous les domaines d'ingénierie est de définir les besoins, d'envisager des solutions, et de livrer la solution la plus appropriée.
Requirements engineeringRequirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering. The first use of the term requirements engineering was probably in 1964 in the conference paper "Maintenance, Maintainability, and System Requirements Engineering", but it did not come into general use until the late 1990s with the publication of an IEEE Computer Society tutorial in March 1997 and the establishment of a conference series on requirements engineering that has evolved into the International Requirements Engineering Conference.
Conducteur (électricité)Un conducteur d'électricité est un corps capable de laisser passer un courant électrique. Souvent, un bon conducteur d’électricité est aussi un bon conducteur de la chaleur. À l'opposé, un isolant électrique est un corps qui ne laisse pas passer le courant électrique. Un isolant est souvent également un mauvais conducteur de chaleur. thumb|Conducteurs électriques en cuivre entourés de leur isolant en plastique blanc.
Business requirementsBusiness requirements, also known as stakeholder requirements specifications (StRS), describe the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of the system's end user like a CONOPS. Products, systems, software, and processes are ways of how to deliver, satisfy, or meet business requirements. Consequently, business requirements are often discussed in the context of developing or procuring software or other systems. Three main reasons for such discussions: A common practice is to refer to objectives, or expected benefits, as 'business requirements.
Non-functional requirementIn systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture, because they are usually architecturally significant requirements.
Requirements traceabilityRequirements traceability is a sub-discipline of requirements management within software development and systems engineering. Traceability as a general term is defined by the IEEE Systems and Software Engineering Vocabulary as (1) the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor-successor or primary-subordinate relationship to one another; (2) the identification and documentation of derivation paths (upward) and allocation or flowdown paths (downward) of work products in the work product hierarchy; (3) the degree to which each element in a software development product establishes its reason for existing; and (4) discernible association among two or more logical entities, such as requirements, system elements, verifications, or tasks.
Software requirementsSoftware requirements for a system are the description of what the system should do, the service or services that it provides and the constraints on its operation. The IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology defines a requirement as: A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective. A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Structural integrity and failureStructural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs. Structural integrity is the ability of an item—either a structural component or a structure consisting of many components—to hold together under a load, including its own weight, without breaking or deforming excessively.
Concentration de contraintethumb|La fissure dans le béton a été amorcée par un « effet de pointe » (concentration de contrainte). La concentration de contrainte est un phénomène survenant lorsque la section d'une pièce varie de manière brutale : trou (perçage), rainure, épaulement, gorge, fond de fissure, etc. Une pièce présente des points de fragilité dus à la forme. On constate que l'apparition des fissures, et la rupture, a en général lieu dans des zones présentant des angles vifs rentrants ou bien des perçages.
