Pancreatic beta cell functionPancreatic beta cell function (synonyms Gβ or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or SPINA-GBeta) is one of the preconditions of euglycaemia, i.e. normal blood sugar regulation. It is defined as insulin secretory capacity, i.e. the maximum amount of insulin to be produced by beta cells in a given unit of time. Beta cells play a paramount role in glucose homeostasis. Progressive loss of insulin secretory capacity is a key defect associated with the transition from a healthy glycaemic state to hyperglycaemia, characteristic of untreated diabetes mellitus.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancyIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and baby. Pruritus (itching) is a common symptom of pregnancy, affecting around 23% of women. The majority of times, itching is a minor annoyance caused by changes to the skin, especially that of the abdomen.
Souffrance fœtaleLa souffrance fœtale n'est pas, comme le laisse croire l'expression, une douleur du fœtus mais une diminution de son oxygénation ou hypoxie fœtale. L'évaluation de l'oxygénation fœtale est différente au cours de la grossesse et de l'accouchement. L'existence d'une hypoxie est faite en évaluant l'équilibre acido-basique lors du travail et/ou à la naissance. Durant la grossesse, l'hypoxie fœtale est le plus souvent chronique, et évolue sur plusieurs semaines ou mois.
HyperglycémieUne hyperglycémie est une concentration en glucose dans le sang (glycémie) anormalement élevée. Pour un être humain, ceci correspond à une glycémie supérieure à 1,26 g/L (7,0 mmol/l) à jeun, et à 2,00 g/L (11,1 mmol/l) le reste du temps. Celle-ci est un des symptômes révélateurs d'un diabète. Le contraire d'une hyperglycémie est une hypoglycémie. Fatigue et somnolence Irritabilité Envie d'uriner (Polyurie) Soif intense (Polydipsie) L'hyperglycémie n'a pas de conséquence grave à court terme.
Large for gestational ageLarge for gestational age (LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute measurement, regardless of gestational age. Typically the threshold for diagnosing macrosomia is a body weight between , or more, measured at birth, but there are difficulties reaching a universal agreement of this definition.
Cholestase intrahépatique familiale progressive à activité gamma-glutamyl-transférase basseLa cholestase intrahépatique familiale progressive à activité gamma-glutamyl-transférase basse est une maladie génétique qui se manifeste sous différentes formes. La forme sévère commence de façon typique dans les premiers mois de vie par un prurit et un ictère (jaunisse), les autres manifestations comme un syndrome de malabsorption, des selles graisseuses et une insuffisance pondérale peuvent se voir avant trois mois. Ces manifestations sont parfois spontanément résolutives mais le prurit et l'insuffisance pondérale sont persistants.
Acanthosis nigricansL'acanthosis nigricans est une maladie rare, de la peau faite de taches hyperpigmentées sur une peau épaissie. L'origine étymologique de ce nom est à la fois grecque et latine : du grec akantha qui signifie « écaille, épine », et du nigricare qui signifie « noircir, devenir noir ». Ces taches se trouvent la plupart du temps dans les plis, pouvant faire croire à tort à un problème d'hygiène. D'autres localisations sont possibles. L'espérance de vie du patient est écourtée de quelques années selon le type.
Thyroid disease in pregnancyThyroid disease in pregnancy can affect the health of the mother as well as the child before and after delivery. Thyroid disorders are prevalent in women of child-bearing age and for this reason commonly present as a pre-existing disease in pregnancy, or after childbirth. Uncorrected thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy has adverse effects on fetal and maternal well-being. The deleterious effects of thyroid dysfunction can also extend beyond pregnancy and delivery to affect neurointellectual development in the early life of the child.
Parental obesityMaternal obesity refers to obesity (often including being overweight) of a woman during pregnancy. Parental obesity refers to obesity of either parent during pregnancy. Maternal obesity has a significant impact on maternal metabolism and offspring development. Insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis are all disrupted by maternal obesity and contribute to adverse outcomes. Modification of lifestyle is an effective intervention strategy for improvement of maternal metabolism and the prevention of adverse outcomes.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adultsSlowly evolving immune-mediated diabetes, or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), is a form of diabetes that exhibits clinical features similar to both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is sometimes referred to as type 1.5 diabetes. It is an autoimmune form of diabetes, similar to T1D, but patients with LADA often show insulin resistance, similar to T2D, and share some risk factors for the disease with T2D.
