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Adaptation of Human Enterovirus to Warm Environments Leads to Resistance against Chlorine Disinfection

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Seasonal and spatial variation in total trihalomethane formation potential in groundwater in Tulkarm and Hebron, Palestine

Loay Awad

Water disinfection using processes such as chlorination is required to kill bacteria and harmful biological components. During chlorination, organic components in water react with chlorine, forming harmful disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes ( ...

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG2019

Rainfall as a driver of epidemic cholera: Comparative model assessments of the effect of intra-seasonal precipitation events

Andrea Rinaldo, Damiano Pasetto, Francisco Javier Perez Saez, Joseph Chadi Benoit Lemaitre, Carla Sciarra

The correlation between cholera epidemics and climatic drivers, in particular seasonal tropical rainfall, has been studied in a variety of contexts owing to its documented relevance. Several mechanistic models of cholera transmission have included rainfall ...

2019

Variability in Disinfection Resistance between Currently Circulating Enterovirus B Serotypes and Strains

Tamar Kohn, Simon Meister, Marius Klinger, Matthew Eric Verbyla

The susceptibility of waterborne viruses to disinfection is known to vary between viruses and even between closely related strains, yet the extent of this variation is not known. Here, different enteroviruses (six strains of coxsackievirus B5, two strains ...

2018

Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was recently found to be the most abundant RNA virus in human feces, and is a plant virus belonging to the genus Tobamovirus in the family Virgoviridae. When in human feces, it is of dietary origin from peppers and their pr ...

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2018

In Situ Formation of Free Chlorine During ClO2 Treatment: Implications on the Formation of Disinfection Byproducts

Urs von Gunten

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is commonly used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine in drinking water treatment because it produces limited concentrations of halogenated organic disinfection byproducts. During drinking water treatment, the primary ClO2 byp ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2018

Genotypic, phenotypic and mechanistic insights into viruses with resistance to common water disinfectants

Qingxia Zhong

Infectious diseases caused by waterborne viruses contribute to the global disease burden. An effective barrier to prevent the discharge of waterborne viruses is a disinfection step, yet disinfection is not always efficient at inactivating viruses. This the ...

EPFL2017

Safe water, sanitation, and hygiene provision and promotion are critical elements of emergency response to ensure human safety, health, and dignity. Disinfectants, such as chlorine, are widely used in emergency response to treat water for drinking. However ...

Michigan State University, UNESCO2017

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The emergence of waterborne viruses with resistance to disinfection has been demonstrated in the laboratory and in the environment. Yet, the implications of such resistance for virus control remain obscure. In this study we investigate if viruses with resi ...

Frontiers Research Foundation2017

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Waterborne viruses can exhibit resistance to common water disinfectants, yet the mechanisms that allow them to tolerate disinfection are poorly understood. Here, we generated echovirus 11 (E11) with resistance to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) by experimental evo ...

Amer Chemical Soc2017

Multi-resistance of human enterovirus to UV-C disinfection and mutagenic nucleoside analogs

Tamar Kohn, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Virginie Bachmann, Qingxia Zhong

Disinfection is an important strategy to control the environmental transmission of human viruses. Specifically, UV254 is increasingly used to disinfect from clinical items or surfaces to drinking water. RNA virus populations have high mutation rates and la ...

2016