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Adaptation of Human Enterovirus to Warm Environments Leads to Resistance against Chlorine Disinfection

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Presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds in water: effects on bacteria and their inactivation by ozone and monochloramine

Margaux Océane Voumard

Disinfection agents have been present in our daily lives for several decades in detergents or in personal care products, where their role is to prevent the spread of pathogenic microor-ganisms. One of the largest class of disinfection agents is quaternary ...

EPFL2021

This review presents an update describing binary and ternary semiconductors involving interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) in composites made up by TiO2, CuO, Ag2O and Fe2O3 used in microbial disinfection (bacteria and viruses). The disinfection mechanism, ...

2021

UV disinfection of human norovirus: evaluating infectivity using a genome-wide PCR-based approach

Tamar Kohn, Krista Rule Wigginton, Brian Pecson, Suzanne Marie Young

The removal and inactivation of infectious human norovirus is a major focus in water purification, but its fate through disinfection treatment processes is largely unknown owing to the lack of a readily available infectivity assay. In particular, norovirus ...

2020

Chlorination of Phenols Revisited: Unexpected Formation of α,β-Unsaturated C4-Dicarbonyl Ring Cleavage Products

Urs von Gunten

Despite decades of research on the fate of phenolic compounds when water is disinfected with hypochlorous acid (HOCl), there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the formation mechanisms and identity of ring cleavage products, especially at higher c ...

2020

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Because of their high mutation rate, enteric virus populations excreted from a host are not clonal, but rather consist of a mutant cloud with many different genetic variants. Among these variants, the susceptibility to environmental stressors (e.g., temper ...

2019

Relationship Between Inactivation and Genome Damage of Human Enteroviruses Upon Treatment by UV254, Free Chlorine, and Ozone

Tamar Kohn, Virginie Bachmann, Suzanne Marie Young, Jason Robert Torrey

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a convenient tool for monitoring virus concentrations in water and wastewater treatment trains, though it only informs about virus presence, but not infectivity. This limitation can be overcome if the relationship between infecti ...

2019

Disinfection of water for human consumption is a challenge to ensure that water is free of pathogens and pollutants while avoiding the formation of potentially harmful undesirable products. The establishment of disinfection facilities must take into accoun ...

2019

Microorganisms from surface waters contribute to the inactivation of human echovirus 11: toward biocontrol of viral pathogens?

Tamar Kohn, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Margot Ninon Lauren Olive

Human viruses are widespread as contaminants in surface waters and represent a significant health risk. Viral pathogens can persist in aquatic ecosystems and cause infections via contaminated water or food. Among the different factors governing the environ ...

2019

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On-site generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) holds the potential to bring an efficient and cost-effective water disinfection method to isolated and remote locations. Solar-driven, stand-alone reactors could provide those communities full independence ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC2019

The susceptibility of waterborne viruses to different inactivating treatments is acknowledged to vary between viruses and even between closely related strains, yet the extent of this variation, or the underlying mechanisms, are not known. Here, different e ...

EPFL2019