Publication

Erosion, transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions

Résumé

River reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi-deposit methodology for defining environmental flows for activating the dynamics of the river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi-deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the riverbanks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with radiofrequency identification (RFID) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, a fixed antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to enable the investigation of the erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The duration of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones, and average transport velocities were found to be on the order of 10(-3)m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared with the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided into different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The definederosion efficiencyis a measure to support the hydrographic design of artificial flood releases from dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation, as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. Comparison of the results obtained in the field and from laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi-deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the knowledge gained on the erosion efficiency, these results could motivate further applications and research into multi-deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat-oriented river restoration measure. (c) 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Concepts associés (36)
Inondation
Une inondation est une submersion temporaire, naturelle ou artificielle, d'un espace par de l'eau liquide. Ce terme est fréquemment utilisé pour décrire : le débordement d'un cours d'eau, en crue puis en décrue, sur les terrains voisins ; l'eau est répandue dans les talwegs et les dépressions topographiques ; le ruissellement très important d'origine pluviale, soit sur des terres cultivées (inondation boueuse), soit en zone imperméable urbanisée ; le débordement ou les conséquences de la rupture d'ouvrages artificiels hydrauliques tels que retenues d'eau, digues, canalisations (agricoles, d'eau potable, d'assainissement) ou la rupture d'une retenue naturelle comme celle d'un lac glaciaire, provoquant une inondation soudaine ; la remontée émergente d'une nappe phréatique ; l'envahissement temporaire par la mer d'une zone côtière lors d'une submersion marine ou d'un tsunami.
Coastal sediment supply
Coastal sediment supply is the transport of sediment to the beach environment by both fluvial and aeolian transport. While aeolian transport plays a role in the overall sedimentary budget for the coastal environment, it is paled in comparison to the fluvial supply which makes up 95% of sediment entering the ocean. When sediment reaches the coast it is then entrained by longshore drift and littoral cells until it is accreted upon the beach or dunes. While it is acknowledged that storm systems are the driver behind coastal erosion.
Sable de reconstitution
Le sable de reconstitution décrit un processus dans lequel du sable est pulvérisé pour remplacer des sédiments (généralement du sable) perdus du fait de l'érosion. Une plage plus large peut réduire les dommages créés par des tempêtes, par dissipation de l'énergie dans la zone de la houle, et protéger les bâtiments et les terres adjacentes. Des îles artificielles peuvent également être construites quand l'environnement le permet, par exemple dans le golfe Persique.
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