Timeline of solar cellsIn the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable. As the invention was brought out it made solar cells as a prominent utilization for power generation for satellites.
Optical coatingAn optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens, prism or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light. These coatings have become a key technology in the field of optics. One type of optical coating is an anti-reflective coating, which reduces unwanted reflections from surfaces, and is commonly used on spectacle and camera lenses. Another type is the high-reflector coating, which can be used to produce mirrors that reflect greater than 99.
Cellule CIGSLe sigle CIGS (pour les éléments chimiques cuivre, indium, gallium et sélénium) désigne à la fois : une technique d'élaboration des cellules photovoltaïques en couches minces et de haute performance. le matériau semiconducteur fait d'un alliage permettant de réaliser ces cellules. Dans le CIGS, la concentration d'indium et de gallium peut varier entre du séléniure de cuivre et d'indium (CIS) pur, et du séléniure de cuivre et de gallium (CGS) pur. C’est un semi-conducteur à structure de chalcopyrite.
Tension de circuit ouvertvignette|Définition de la tension de circuit ouvert. La boîte représente un appareil quelconque à deux bornes. Celles-ci ne sont connectées à rien, de sorte qu'aucun courant ne circule entre elles. La tension v de ce schéma indique la tension de circuit ouvert . La tension de circuit ouvert, également dite potentiel à l'abandon ou encore OCV (de l'anglais "Open Circuit Voltage"), est la tension électrique entre les bornes d'un appareil déconnecté de tout circuit. Elle est habituellement notée ou .
Quantum dot solar cellA quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the captivating photovoltaic material. It attempts to replace bulk materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). Quantum dots have bandgaps that are adjustable across a wide range of energy levels by changing their size. In bulk materials, the bandgap is fixed by the choice of material(s).
Transparent conducting filmTransparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a number of electronic devices including liquid-crystal displays, OLEDs, touchscreens and photovoltaics. While indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used, alternatives include wider-spectrum transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), conductive polymers, metal grids and random metallic networks, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, nanowire meshes and ultra thin metal films.
Network analysis (electrical circuits)In electrical engineering and electronics, a network is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume linear components. Except where stated, the methods described in this article are applicable only to linear network analysis.
Silicium polycristallinLe silicium polycristallin, aussi couramment appelé polysilicium ou poly-Si est une forme particulière du silicium, qui se différencie du silicium monocristallin et du silicium amorphe. Contrairement au premier (composé d'un seul cristal) et au second (n'ayant aucune ou une très faible cohérence cristallographique), le silicium polycristallin est constitué de multiples petits cristaux de tailles et de formes variées, qui lui confèrent des propriétés différentes des deux autres formes.
ProtocrystallineA protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth, which evolves into a microcrystalline form. The term is typically associated with silicon films in optical applications such as solar cells. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is a popular solar cell material owing to its low cost and ease of production. Owing to disordered structure (Urbach tail), its absorption extends to the energies below the band gap resulting in a wide-range spectral response; however, it has a relatively low solar cell efficiency.
Monocrystalline siliconMonocrystalline silicon, more often called single-crystal silicon, in short mono c-Si or mono-Si, is the base material for silicon-based discrete components and integrated circuits used in virtually all modern electronic equipment. Mono-Si also serves as a photovoltaic, light-absorbing material in the manufacture of solar cells. It consists of silicon in which the crystal lattice of the entire solid is continuous, unbroken to its edges, and free of any grain boundaries (i.e. a single crystal).
