Extensive and diverse patterns of cell death sculpt neural networks in insects
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Evolutionary algorithms are heuristic methods that operate on a population of individuals, which represent candidate solutions to optimization problems. Individuals with better quality, or fitness, are reproduced at a higher rate than less fit individuals ...
Imitation is the ability to recognize, learn and reproduce the actions of others. In addition to facilitating the transmission of knowledge and skills, it has been suggested that this fundamental cognitive capacity is at the origin of other human faculties ...
A major problem in traditional cell culture methods, such as Petri dishes and culture flasks, is the very simplified artificial environment around the cells. Traditional cell culture methods lack features of the native cell niche, such as gradients and cel ...
The complexity of processes occurring in the brain is an intriguing issue not just for scientists and medical doctors, but the humanity in general. The cortex ability to perceive and analyze an enormous amount of information in an instance of time, the par ...
Carbon nanotubes have been applied in several areas of nerve tissue engineering to probe and augment cell behaviour, to label and track subcellular components, and to study the growth and organization of neural networks. Recent reports show that nanotubes ...
Environments with varying reward contingencies constitute a challenge to many living creatures. In such conditions, animals capable of adaptation and learning derive an advantage. Recent studies suggest that neuromodulatory dynamics are a key factor in reg ...
GABAergic neurons are a minor fraction of the neocortical neuronal population, but they are highly diverse in their features. The GABAergic neurons can be divided into three largely non-overlapping groups, defined through the expression of ionotropic serot ...
Animals have to coordinate a large number of muscles in different ways to efficiently move at various speeds and in different and complex environments. This coordination is in large part based on central pattern generators (CPGs). These neural networks are ...
Contextual elements can strongly modulate visual performance. For example, performance deteriorates when a vernier is flanked by neighboring lines. On a neural level, such contextual modulation is often explained by local spatial interactions such as later ...
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology2011
memory in biological neural networks. Similarly, artificial neural networks could benefit from modulatory dynamics when facing certain types of learning problem. Here we test this hypothesis by introducing modulatory neurons to enhance or dampen neural pla ...