Sciences biomédicalesLes sciences biomédicales correspondent à un champ d’étude étendu des sciences de la vie ayant pour but l'application directe des connaissances des lois de la vie en médecine. Elles ont pour objectifs l’étude des organismes vivants et les réponses que ceux-ci manifestent à des traumatismes ou à des états pathologiques divers (inflammation chronique, infection virale, etc.). Elles contribuent ainsi à la mise en place de nouvelles thérapeutiques par l’étude des origines de ces processus pathologiques ainsi que par l'étude des réponses des organismes visant à rétablir l’homéostasie.
Évaluation par les pairsvignette|droite|Évaluation d'une proposition de financement par un spécialiste du NIH américain. Dans les disciplines scientifiques, l'évaluation par les pairs (ou peer review selon l'expression anglophone couramment utilisée) désigne l'activité collective des chercheurs qui jugent de façon critique les travaux d'autres chercheurs (leurs « pairs »). L'évaluation par les pairs est un principe fondamental de la recherche scientifique, que ce soit pour les sciences dites « exactes » ou les sciences humaines et sociales.
Capacitive couplingCapacitive coupling is the transfer of energy within an electrical network or between distant networks by means of displacement current between circuit(s) nodes, induced by the electric field. This coupling can have an intentional or accidental effect. In its simplest implementation, capacitive coupling is achieved by placing a capacitor between two nodes. Where analysis of many points in a circuit is carried out, the capacitance at each point and between points can be described in a matrix form.
Médecinevignette|Examen d'un bébé par une pédiatre. La médecine (du medicina, qui signifie « art de guérir, remède, potion »), au sens de pratique (art), est la science témoignant de l'organisation du corps (anatomie), son fonctionnement normal (physiologie), et cherchant à préserver la santé (physique comme mentale) par la prévention (prophylaxie) et le traitement (thérapie) des maladies. La médecine humaine est complémentaire et en synergie avec la médecine vétérinaire.
Biomedical scientistA biomedical scientist is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medical laboratory sciences or laboratory medicine. These scientists work to gain knowledge on the main principles of how the human body works and to find new ways to cure or treat disease by developing advanced diagnostic tools or new therapeutic strategies. The research of biomedical scientists is referred to as biomedical research. The specific activities of the biomedical scientist can differ in various parts of the world and vary with the level of education.
Scholarly peer reviewScholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a draft version of a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually anonymously) by experts (or "peers") in the same field. Peer review is widely used for helping the academic publisher (that is, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board or the program committee) decide whether the work should be accepted, considered acceptable with revisions, or rejected for official publication in an academic journal, a monograph or in the proceedings of an academic conference.
Psychologie cliniqueLa visée de la psychologie clinique est de faire accéder le patient à la cessation de ses souffrances psychiques. Dans cette optique, le clinicien tente d'isoler et de comprendre les signes cliniques et symptômes qui touchent l'individu. Selon André Rey c’est le suisse Edouard Claparède qui a le premier utilisé le terme de « psychologie clinique », qui devait selon lui permettre de « transporter les ressources de la psychologie expérimentale au lit du malade ».
Health technologyHealth technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients.
Wireless network interface controllerA wireless network interface controller (WNIC) is a network interface controller which connects to a wireless network, such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, rather than a wired network, such as a Token Ring or Ethernet. A WNIC, just like other NICs, works on the layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model and uses an antenna to communicate via radio waves. A wireless network interface controller may be implemented as an expansion card and connected using PCI bus or PCIe bus, or connected via USB, PC Card, ExpressCard, Mini PCIe or M.
Wireless ad hoc networkA wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers or wireless access points. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. The determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and the routing algorithm in use.
