Cell polarityCell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which signals propagate in one direction from dendrites to axons, and migrating cells. Furthermore, cell polarity is important during many types of asymmetric cell division to set up functional asymmetries between daughter cells.
3D scanning3D scanner is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect three dimensional data of its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models. A 3D scanner can be based on many different technologies, each with its own limitations, advantages and costs. Many limitations in the kind of objects that can be digitised are still present. For example, optical technology may encounter many difficulties with dark, shiny, reflective or transparent objects.
MechanotransductionIn cellular biology, mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity. This form of sensory transduction is responsible for a number of senses and physiological processes in the body, including proprioception, touch, balance, and hearing. The basic mechanism of mechanotransduction involves converting mechanical signals into electrical or chemical signals.
SyncytiumEn biologie, un syncytium (du grec ancien , « ensemble » et , « cavité, cellule ») est une cellule (appelée cénocyte ou cœnocyte) provenant de la fusion de plusieurs cellules. Cette masse cytoplasmique est à différencier des plasmodes qui correspondent à la multiplication sans cytodiérèse de cellules (ostéoclastes). Le symplasme est un syncytium composé de cellules végétales reliées par des plasmodesmes . Le syncytiotrophoblaste, un tissu du placenta. Les syncytiums de globules blancs, dont la formation est provoquée par le VIH.
Modèle du drapeau françaisLe modèle du drapeau français est une représentation conceptuelle de l'effet des morphogènes, décrite dans les années 1960 par Lewis Wolpert. Un morphogène est défini comme une molécule de signal qui agit directement sur les cellules et dont la concentration détermine l'intensité de l'effet. Durant les premiers stades du développement, les gradients de morphogènes sont à l'origine de l'organisation spatiale de la différenciation cellulaire.
