Théorie X-barreLa théorie X-barre (notée X̅) a été proposée par Noam Chomsky en 1970 dans le cadre de la linguistique générative, et développée ensuite par Ray Jackendoff (1977). Elle permet d'imposer des restrictions sur la classe des catégories grammaticales possibles tout en permettant une mise en parallèle de ces dernières grâce à des métarègles (généralisation de plusieurs règles). Par extension, cette théorie prédit des catégories grammaticales non-marquées au contraire des catégories majeures (nom, verbe, adjectif et adverbe) : déterminant (Dét.
Pro-drop languageA pro-drop language (from "pronoun-dropping") is a language in which certain classes of pronouns may be omitted when they can be pragmatically or grammatically inferable. The precise conditions vary from language to language, and can be quite intricate. The phenomenon of "pronoun-dropping" is part of the larger topic of zero or null anaphora. The connection between pro-drop languages and null anaphora relates to the fact that a dropped pronoun has referential properties, and so is crucially not a null dummy pronoun.
Possession (linguistics)In linguistics, possession is an asymmetric relationship between two constituents, the referent of one of which (the possessor) in some sense possesses (owns, has as a part, rules over, etc.) the referent of the other (the possessed). Possession may be marked in many ways, such as simple juxtaposition of nouns, possessive case, possessed case, construct state (as in Arabic, and Nêlêmwa), or adpositions (possessive suffixes, possessive adjectives). For example, English uses a possessive clitic, 's; a preposition, of; and adjectives, my, your, his, her, etc.
Projective connectionIn differential geometry, a projective connection is a type of Cartan connection on a differentiable manifold. The structure of a projective connection is modeled on the geometry of projective space, rather than the affine space corresponding to an affine connection. Much like affine connections, projective connections also define geodesics. However, these geodesics are not affinely parametrized. Rather they are projectively parametrized, meaning that their preferred class of parameterizations is acted upon by the group of fractional linear transformations.
Analyse conversationnelleL’analyse conversationnelle est l’étude des mécanismes et de l’organisation de la conversation dans le monde social. Il s'agit d'un champ recherche multidisciplinaire qui s'arrête sur plusieurs phénomènes, comme la rétroaction, les ponctuants du discours, les tours de parole, les réparations et l'ouverture, la fermeture et les sujets de conversations. Il existe deux acceptions de l'analyse conversationnelle.
