Penetrating head injuryA penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. Penetrating injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain. Head injuries caused by penetrating trauma are serious medical emergencies and may cause permanent disability or death. A penetrating head injury involves "a wound in which an object breaches the cranium but does not exit it.
Acquired brain injuryAcquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia. ABI can result in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioural impairments that lead to permanent or temporary changes in functioning. These impairments result from either traumatic brain injury (e.g. physical trauma due to accidents, assaults, neurosurgery, head injury etc.
Scintigraphie au galliumLa scintigraphie au gallium est un type de test de médecine nucléaire utilisant un gallium-67 (67Ga) ou gallium-68 (68Ga) radio-pharmaceutique pour obtenir des images d'un type spécifique de tissu, ou l'état de maladie tissulaire. Les sels de gallium peuvent être utilisés comme citrate de gallium et nitrate de gallium. La forme de sel n'est pas importante, car c'est l'ion de gallium libre dissous Ga3+ qui est actif. Les sels 67Ga et 68Ga ont des mécanismes de captage similaires.
Intraparenchymal hemorrhageIntraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is one form of intracerebral bleeding in which there is bleeding within brain parenchyma. The other form is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 8-13% of all strokes and results from a wide spectrum of disorders. It is more likely to result in death or major disability than ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and therefore constitutes an immediate medical emergency.
Post-traumatic seizurePost-traumatic seizures (PTS) are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma. PTS may be a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), but a person having a seizure or seizures due to traumatic brain injury does not necessarily have PTE, which is a form of epilepsy, a chronic condition in which seizures occur repeatedly. However, "PTS" and "PTE" may be used interchangeably in medical literature. Seizures are usually an indication of a more severe TBI.
PET-CTPositron emission tomography–computed tomography (better known as PET-CT or PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine technique which combines, in a single gantry, a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed () image. Thus, functional imaging obtained by PET, which depicts the spatial distribution of metabolic or biochemical activity in the body can be more precisely aligned or correlated with anatomic imaging obtained by CT scanning.
Spinal cord injury researchSpinal cord injury research seeks new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury in order to lessen the debilitating effects of the injury in the short or long term. There is no cure for SCI, and current treatments are mostly focused on spinal cord injury rehabilitation and management of the secondary effects of the condition. Two major areas of research include neuroprotection, ways to prevent damage to cells caused by biological processes that take place in the body after the injury, and neuroregeneration, regrowing or replacing damaged neural circuits.
Hématome sous-duralL'hématome sous-dural, ou hémorragie sous-durale, désigne l'épanchement de sang dans les espaces méningés. À la suite d'un traumatisme crânien avec lésion des petites veinules qui traversent l'espace sous-dural, l'hémorragie a lieu entre l'arachnoïde qui entoure le cerveau et le feuillet interne de la dure-mère qui est en contact avec la boîte crânienne. L'hématome ne peut pas traverser de l'autre côté du cerveau par rapport au côté d'origine de l'hémorragie. En effet, la faux du cerveau sépare en deux l'espace sous-dural.
Tomographie par émission monophotoniquevignette|droite|Image dans le plan axial du cerveau obtenue par tomographie d'émission monophotonique utilisant le Tc-99. La tomographie par émission monophotonique, en abrégé TEMP, ou même SPECT (de l'Single photon emission computed tomography), aussi appelée tomoscintigraphie par émission monophotonique, est une technique qui repose sur le principe de la scintigraphie et qui permet d'effectuer des images ainsi que des reconstructions en trois dimensions d'organes et de leur métabolisme à l'aide d'un ensemble de gamma caméras tournant autour du patient.
Radiologie médicalevignette|right|Radiographie montrant une fracture distale de l'avant bras. thumb| Macintyre's X-Ray Film (1896) La radiologie dans le domaine médical, désigne l'ensemble des modalités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques utilisant les rayons X, ou plus généralement utilisant des rayonnements. Mais la radiologie, dans son sens plus commun, désigne la spécialité médicale exercée par un médecin radiologue en France, ou radiologiste au Canada. Un établissement de santé peut donc abriter un service de radiologie.
