Liste des outils de jardinagevignette|Représentation de plusieurs outils La pratique du jardinage repose sur des savoir-faire et des outils. Utiliser le bon outil pour la bonne tâche. On peut différencier les outils selon leur utilisation : préparation des sols avant plantation ou semis : par exemple motoculteur, fourche, bêche. préparation et entretien des sols déjà plantés ou semés, par exemple : tondeuse à gazon, arrosoir. outils d'élagage, coupe ou suppression : par exemple : tronçonneuse, scie, sécateur, taille-haie.
Product lifecycleIn industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises. The inspiration for the burgeoning business process now known as PLM came from American Motors Corporation (AMC).
ScheduleA schedule or a timetable, as a basic time-management tool, consists of a list of times at which possible tasks, events, or actions are intended to take place, or of a sequence of events in the chronological order in which such things are intended to take place. The process of creating a schedule — deciding how to order these tasks and how to commit resources between the variety of possible tasks — is called scheduling, and a person responsible for making a particular schedule may be called a scheduler.
Production planningProduction planning is the planning of production and manufacturing modules in a company or industry. It utilizes the resource allocation of activities of employees, materials and production capacity, in order to serve different customers. Different types of production methods, such as single item manufacturing, batch production, mass production, continuous production etc. have their own type of production planning. Production planning can be combined with production control into production planning and control, or it can be combined with enterprise resource planning.
American system of manufacturingThe American system of manufacturing was a set of manufacturing methods that evolved in the 19th century. The two notable features were the extensive use of interchangeable parts and mechanization for production, which resulted in more efficient use of labor compared to hand methods. The system was also known as armory practice because it was first fully developed in armories, namely, the United States Armories at Springfield in Massachusetts and Harpers Ferry in Virginia (later West Virginia), inside contractors to supply the United States Armed Forces, and various private armories.
Scheduling (production processes)Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process or manufacturing process. Scheduling is used to allocate plant and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials. It is an important tool for manufacturing and engineering, where it can have a major impact on the productivity of a process. In manufacturing, the purpose of scheduling is to keep due dates of customers and then minimize the production time and costs, by telling a production facility when to make, with which staff, and on which equipment.
Social costSocial cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax.
ÉcosocialismeL'écosocialisme (parfois appelé « socialisme vert ») est une idéologie politique née dans les années 1970, qui concilie les revendications de l'écologisme et du marxisme. Il émane du constat que la protection de l'environnement est inconciliable avec le capitalisme, dont les modes de production sont avant tout guidés par la recherche de croissance et la valeur d'échange, et du principe que le socialisme représente la seule alternative à ce système économique.
Fabrication assistée par ordinateurvignette|300px|Disque en alliage chrome-cobalt avec couronnes pour implants dentaires usiné à l'aide du logiciel de FAO WorkNC Dental Le but de la fabrication assistée par ordinateur ou FAO (en anglais, computer-aided manufacturing ou CAM) est d'écrire le fichier contenant le programme de pilotage d'une machine-outil à commande numérique. Ce fichier va décrire précisément les mouvements que doit exécuter la machine-outil pour réaliser la pièce demandée. On appelle également ce type de fichiers : programme ISO ou blocs ISO.
Manufacturing engineeringManufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to develop tools, processes, machines and equipment; and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of capital.
