Corps calleuxLe corps calleux (ou corpus callosum) est une commissure (moyen d'union entre deux parties) transversale du cerveau présente chez les mammifères placentaires. C’est un faisceau d'axones (fibre nerveuse qui correspond au prolongement long, mince et cylindrique du corps cellulaire d'un neurone) interconnectant les deux hémisphères cérébraux. C'est la plus importante commissure du cerveau, car elle relie les six lobes du cerveau entre eux (lobes frontaux, temporaux, pariétaux et occipitaux gauche et droit).
ConnectogrammeLes connectogrammes sont des représentations graphiques de connectomique, le domaine d'étude dédié à la cartographie et à l'interprétation de toutes les connexions de fibre de matière blanche dans le cerveau humain. Ces graphiques circulaires basés sur des données d'IRM de diffusion utilisent la théorie des graphes pour représenter les connexions de la matière blanche et les caractéristiques corticales pour des structures cérébrales simples, des sujets ou des populations.
Clinical researchClinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. Clinical research is different from clinical practice. In clinical practice established treatments are used, while in clinical research evidence is collected to establish a treatment.
Small-world networkA small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps. Specifically, a small-world network is defined to be a network where the typical distance L between two randomly chosen nodes (the number of steps required) grows proportionally to the logarithm of the number of nodes N in the network, that is: while the global clustering coefficient is not small.
Statistical language acquisitionStatistical language acquisition, a branch of developmental psycholinguistics, studies the process by which humans develop the ability to perceive, produce, comprehend, and communicate with natural language in all of its aspects (phonological, syntactic, lexical, morphological, semantic) through the use of general learning mechanisms operating on statistical patterns in the linguistic input. Statistical learning acquisition claims that infants' language-learning is based on pattern perception rather than an innate biological grammar.
Multiple sclerosis signs and symptomsMultiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech (dysarthria) or swallowing (dysphagia), visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, phosphenes or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic pain syndromes, bladder and bowel difficulties, cognitive impairment, or emotional symptomatology (mainly major depression).
Protocol (science)In natural and social science research, a protocol is most commonly a predefined procedural method in the design and implementation of an experiment. Protocols are written whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. Additionally, and by extension, protocols have the advantage of facilitating the assessment of experimental results through peer review.
Principles and parametersPrinciples and parameters is a framework within generative linguistics in which the syntax of a natural language is described in accordance with general principles (i.e. abstract rules or grammars) and specific parameters (i.e. markers, switches) that for particular languages are either turned on or off. For example, the position of heads in phrases is determined by a parameter. Whether a language is head-initial or head-final is regarded as a parameter which is either on or off for particular languages (i.
Tissu conjonctifvignette|Section de l'épididyme. Le tissu conjonctif (en bleu) soutenant l'épithélium (en violet). Le tissu conjonctif (TC) est l'un des quatre types de tissus biologiques du règne animal qui soutient, lie, ou distingue différents types de tissus et d'organes du corps. Il tient son origine dans le mésoderme, au moment de la gastrulation, lors du développement embryonnaire. Les trois autres types de tissus sont l'épithélium, le tissu musculaire et le tissu nerveux.
Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition. Signs are objective and externally observable; symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences. A sign for example may be a higher or lower temperature than normal, raised or lowered blood pressure or an abnormality showing on a medical scan. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body.
