Terahertz metamaterialA terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz frequency range used in materials research is usually defined as 0.1 to 10 THz. This bandwidth is also known as the terahertz gap because it is noticeably underutilized. This is because terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than microwaves but lower than infrared radiation and visible light.
Metamaterial absorberA metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial intended to efficiently absorb electromagnetic radiation such as light. Furthermore, metamaterials are an advance in materials science. Hence, those metamaterials that are designed to be absorbers offer benefits over conventional absorbers such as further miniaturization, wider adaptability, and increased effectiveness. Intended applications for the metamaterial absorber include emitters, photodetectors, sensors, spatial light modulators, infrared camouflage, wireless communication, and use in solar photovoltaics and thermophotovoltaics.
Silicon photonicsSilicon photonics is the study and application of photonic systems which use silicon as an optical medium. The silicon is usually patterned with sub-micrometre precision, into microphotonic components. These operate in the infrared, most commonly at the 1.55 micrometre wavelength used by most fiber optic telecommunication systems. The silicon typically lies on top of a layer of silica in what (by analogy with a similar construction in microelectronics) is known as silicon on insulator (SOI).
Transformation opticsTransformation optics is a branch of optics which applies metamaterials to produce spatial variations, derived from coordinate transformations, which can direct chosen bandwidths of electromagnetic radiation. This can allow for the construction of new composite artificial devices, which probably could not exist without metamaterials and coordinate transformation. Computing power that became available in the late 1990s enables prescribed quantitative values for the permittivity and permeability, the constitutive parameters, which produce localized spatial variations.
Cristal photoniqueLes cristaux photoniques sont des structures périodiques de matériaux diélectriques, semi-conducteurs ou métallo-diélectriques modifiant la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques de la même manière qu'un potentiel périodique dans un cristal semi-conducteur affecte le déplacement des électrons en créant des bandes d'énergie autorisées et interdites. Les longueurs d'onde pouvant se propager dans le cristal se nomment des modes dont la représentation énergie-vecteur d'onde forme des bandes.
Surface plasmon polaritonSurface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface, practically in the infrared or visible-frequency. The term "surface plasmon polariton" explains that the wave involves both charge motion in the metal ("surface plasmon") and electromagnetic waves in the air or dielectric ("polariton"). They are a type of surface wave, guided along the interface in much the same way that light can be guided by an optical fiber.
Optique intégréeL'optique intégrée concerne l'utilisation de technologies similaires à celles de la microélectronique pour la réalisation de composants optiques de très petite dimension. La réalisation des systèmes d'optique intégrée se fait par modification d'un substrat comme le phosphure d'indium. Ces technologies permettent de réaliser dans de faibles volumes des fonctions optiques élémentaires ou élaborées impossibles à réaliser par d’autres technologies. Leur géométrie générale est celle de plaquettes de quelques cm d'une épaisseur maximale de .
Ultrashort pulseIn optics, an ultrashort pulse, also known as an ultrafast event, is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond (10−12 second) or less. Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by mode-locked oscillators. Amplification of ultrashort pulses almost always requires the technique of chirped pulse amplification, in order to avoid damage to the gain medium of the amplifier. They are characterized by a high peak intensity (or more correctly, irradiance) that usually leads to nonlinear interactions in various materials, including air.
PlasmonDans un métal, un plasmon est une oscillation de plasma quantifiée, ou un quantum d'oscillation de plasma. Le plasmon est une quasiparticule résultant de la quantification de fréquence plasma, tout comme le photon et le phonon sont des quantifications de vibrations respectivement lumineuses et mécaniques. Ainsi, les plasmons sont des oscillations collectives d'un gaz d'électrons, par exemple à des fréquences optiques. Le couplage d'un plasmon et d'un photon crée une autre quasiparticule dite plasma polariton.
Femtosecond pulse shapingIn optics, femtosecond pulse shaping refers to manipulations with temporal profile of an ultrashort laser pulse. Pulse shaping can be used to shorten/elongate the duration of optical pulse, or to generate complex pulses. Generation of sequences of ultrashort optical pulses is key in realizing ultra high speed optical networks, Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems, chemical and biological reaction triggering and monitoring etc.
