DemandIn economics, demand is the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given time. The relationship between price and quantity demand is also called the demand curve. Demand for a specific item is a function of an item's perceived necessity, price, perceived quality, convenience, available alternatives, purchasers' disposable income and tastes, and many other options. Innumerable factors and circumstances affect a consumer's willingness or to buy a good.
Law of demandIn microeconomics, the law of demand is a fundamental principle which states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. In other words, "conditional on all else being equal, as the price of a good increases (↑), quantity demanded will decrease (↓); conversely, as the price of a good decreases (↓), quantity demanded will increase (↑)". Alfred Marshall worded this as: "When we say that a person's demand for anything increases, we mean that he will buy more of it than he would before at the same price, and that he will buy as much of it as before at a higher price".
Demand curveIn a demand schedule, a demand curve is a graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity (the y-axis) and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price (the x-axis). Demand curves can be used either for the price-quantity relationship for an individual consumer (an individual demand curve), or for all consumers in a particular market (a market demand curve). It is generally assumed that demand curves slope down, as shown in the adjacent image.
Cross elasticity of demandIn economics, the cross (or cross-price) elasticity of demand measures the effect of changes in the price of one good on the quantity demanded of another good. This reflects the fact that the quantity demanded of good is dependent on not only its own price (price elasticity of demand) but also the price of other "related" good. The cross elasticity of demand is calculated as the ratio between the percentage change of the quantity demanded for a good and the percentage change in the price of another good, ceteris paribus:The sign of the cross elasticity indicates the relationship between two goods.
Patrimoine culturelthumb|La cathédrale de Reims.Exemple de patrimoine culturel à l'échelle mondiale. La cathédrale Notre-Dame est très directement liée à l'histoire de la monarchie française, et donc plus généralement à l'histoire de la France selon le site de l'UNESCO. Elle est inscrite au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1991. Le patrimoine culturel se définit comme l'ensemble des biens, matériels ou immatériels, ayant une importance artistique et/ou historique certaine, et qui appartiennent soit à une entité privée (personne, entreprise, association, etc.
Price elasticity of demandA good's price elasticity of demand (, PED) is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded is to its price. When the price rises, quantity demanded falls for almost any good, but it falls more for some than for others. The price elasticity gives the percentage change in quantity demanded when there is a one percent increase in price, holding everything else constant. If the elasticity is −2, that means a one percent price rise leads to a two percent decline in quantity demanded.
Offre et demandeL'offre et la demande est un modèle économique de détermination des prix dans un marché. Notamment utilisé en microéconomie, ce modèle énonce que, certaines hypothèses étant respectées, le fonctionnement d'un marché permet au prix unitaire du bien vendu sur ce marché de varier jusqu'à ce que où la quantité demandée soit égale à la quantité fournie. Il résulte ainsi un équilibre économique entre le prix offert et la quantité demandée.
Protection du patrimoine culturelLa protection du patrimoine culturel fait référence à toutes les mesures visant à protéger les biens culturels contre les dommages dus à des causes naturelles ou anthropiques, la détérioration ou la destruction pratiquées intentionnellement (vandalisme, conflit armé) ou sans motif, le vol, le pillage, le détournement et le commerce illégal. Une première protection est édictée au niveau international par la convention de La Haye de 1954 portant sur la protection de ces biens culturels en cas de conflits armés.
Cultural resource managementIn the broadest sense, cultural resource management (CRM) is the vocation and practice of managing heritage assets, and other cultural resources such as contemporary art. It incorporates Cultural Heritage Management which is concerned with traditional and historic culture. It also delves into the material culture of archaeology. Cultural resource management encompasses current culture, including progressive and innovative culture, such as urban culture, rather than simply preserving and presenting traditional forms of culture.
Conservation and restoration of cultural propertyThe conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
