Asymétrie cérébraleEn neurosciences cognitives, l'asymétrie cérébrale est l'inégale implication des deux hémisphères du cerveau dans les différentes fonctions mentales. Dans leur anatomie générale, les deux hémisphères sont très semblables mais il existe un certain nombre de caractéristiques plus fines qui les distinguent l'un de l'autre. Le lien entre ces différences structurelles et les différences fonctionnelles reste mal compris.
Context-dependent memoryIn psychology, context-dependent memory is the improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. In a simpler manner, "when events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual information". One particularly common example of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has lost an item (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location.
Lobe frontalLe lobe frontal est une région du cerveau des vertébrés. Il est situé à l'avant des lobes pariétal et temporal. Dans le cerveau humain, le sillon central (ou scissure de Rolando) sépare le lobe frontal du lobe pariétal tout au long de la surface du cortex cérébral. Le sillon latéral (ou scissure de Sylvius) sépare le gyrus (ou circonvolution) frontal inférieur du lobe temporal.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC or DL-PFC) is an area in the prefrontal cortex of the primate brain. It is one of the most recently derived parts of the human brain. It undergoes a prolonged period of maturation which lasts into adulthood. The DLPFC is not an anatomical structure, but rather a functional one. It lies in the middle frontal gyrus of humans (i.e., lateral part of Brodmann's area (BA) 9 and 46). In macaque monkeys, it is around the principal sulcus (i.e., in Brodmann's area 46).
Lobe (cerveau)thumb|right|Les lobes externes du cerveau humain. Sont aussi dessinés le cervelet en bleu et le tronc cérébral en noir qui sont des structures nerveuses distinctes du cerveau proprement dit. thumb|right|150px| Vue en 3D des lobes thumb|right| Vue en 3D des lobes externes du cerveau : frontal (rouge), pariétal (orange), temporal (vert), et occipital (jaune).Sont également représentés le cervelet (bleu) et le tronc cérébral (noir). En anatomie, chacun des deux hémisphères du cerveau est divisée en plusieurs lobes dont quatre sont dits externes et deux sont dits internes.
False memory syndromeIn psychology, false memory syndrome (FMS) was a controversial proposed condition in which a person's identity and relationships are affected by what are believed to be false memories of psychological trauma, recollections which are strongly believed but factually contested by the accused. Peter J. Freyd originated the term partly to explain what he said was a false accusation of sexual abuse made against him by his daughter Jennifer Freyd and his False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) subsequently popularized the concept.
Free recallFree recall is a common task in the psychological study of memory. In this task, participants study a list of items on each trial, and then are prompted to recall the items in any order. Items are usually presented one at a time for a short duration, and can be any of a number of nameable materials, although traditionally, words from a larger set are chosen. The recall period typically lasts a few minutes, and can involve spoken or written recall.
Epigenetics in learning and memoryWhile the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention has turned to the epigenetic mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in gene transcription responsible for memory formation and maintenance. Epigenetic gene regulation often involves the physical marking (chemical modification) of DNA or associated proteins to cause or allow long-lasting changes in gene activity.
Primary somatosensory cortexIn neuroanatomy, the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the brain's parietal lobe, and is part of the somatosensory system. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Wilder Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall. Although initially defined to be roughly the same as Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, more recent work by Kaas has suggested that for homogeny with other sensory fields only area 3 should be referred to as "primary somatosensory cortex", as it receives the bulk of the thalamocortical projections from the sensory input fields.
Amygdale (cerveau)L'amygdale ou complexe amygdalien est un noyau pair situé dans la région antéro-interne du lobe temporal au sein de l'uncus, en avant de l'hippocampe et sous le cortex péri-amygdalien. Elle fait partie du système limbique et est impliquée dans la reconnaissance et l'évaluation de la valence émotionnelle des stimuli sensoriels, dans l'apprentissage associatif et dans les réponses comportementales et végétatives associées en particulier dans la peur et l'anxiété.
