Lecturethumb|upright=1.5|La lecture, Henri Fantin-Latour (1870) La lecture peut être définie comme une activité psychosensorielle qui vise à donner un sens à des signes graphiques recueillis par la vision et qui implique à la fois des traitements perceptifs et cognitifs. L'histoire de la lecture remonte à l'invention de l'écriture au cours du millénaire avant notre ère. Bien que la lecture de textes imprimés soit aujourd'hui un moyen important d'accès à l'information pour la population en général, cela n'a pas toujours été le cas.
PiézoélectricitéLa piézoélectricité (du grec πιέζειν, piézein, presser, appuyer) est la propriété que possèdent certains matériaux de se polariser électriquement sous l’action d’une contrainte mécanique et réciproquement de se déformer lorsqu’on leur applique un champ électrique. Les deux effets sont indissociables. Le premier est appelé effet piézoélectrique direct ; le second effet piézoélectrique inverse. Cette propriété trouve un très grand nombre d’applications dans l’industrie et la vie quotidienne.
Reading comprehensionReading comprehension is the ability to process written text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. Reading comprehension relies on two abilities that are connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension. Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" dependent upon four language skills: phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
ElectroceramicsElectroceramics are a class of ceramic materials used primarily for their electrical properties. While ceramics have traditionally been admired and used for their mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties have become of increasing importance in many key technologies including communications, energy conversion and storage, electronics and automation. Such materials are now classified under electroceramics, as distinguished from other functional ceramics such as advanced structural ceramics.
Electric field gradientIn atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics, the electric field gradient (EFG) measures the rate of change of the electric field at an atomic nucleus generated by the electronic charge distribution and the other nuclei. The EFG couples with the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of quadrupolar nuclei (those with spin quantum number greater than one-half) to generate an effect which can be measured using several spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), microwave spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, ESR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), Mössbauer spectroscopy or perturbed angular correlation (PAC).
Simple view of readingThe simple view of reading is a scientific theory that a student's ability to understand written words depends on how well they sound out (decode) the words and understand the meaning of those words. Specifically, their reading comprehension can be predicted by multiplying their skill in decoding the written words by their ability to understand the meaning of those words. It is expressed in this equation: Decoding (D) x (Oral) Language Comprehension (LC)= Reading Comprehension (RC) The parts of the equation are: (D) Decoding: the ability of the student to sound-out or decode the written words using the principles of phonics (e.
