Économie (activité humaine)alt=Vue de Manhattan depuis l'Océan.|vignette|317x317px|Manhattan, le quartier des affaires de New York. Un espace à l'activité économique florissante. L'économie (du grec ancien / oikonomía : « administration d'un foyer ») est une activité humaine qui consiste en la production, la distribution, l'échange et la consommation de biens et de services. On distingue différents systèmes d'échange parmi lesquelles l'économie de don, l'économie de marché ou encore l'économie du troc.
Forecast errorIn statistics, a forecast error is the difference between the actual or real and the predicted or forecast value of a time series or any other phenomenon of interest. Since the forecast error is derived from the same scale of data, comparisons between the forecast errors of different series can only be made when the series are on the same scale. In simple cases, a forecast is compared with an outcome at a single time-point and a summary of forecast errors is constructed over a collection of such time-points.
Vehicular communication systemsVehicular communication systems are computer networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information. They can be effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion. Both types of nodes are dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) devices. DSRC works in 5.9 GHz band with bandwidth of 75 MHz and approximate range of . Vehicular communications is usually developed as a part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS).
Intermodalitévignette|Un bus CarPostal devant une gare ferroviaire en Suisse. Lintermodalité est l'utilisation de plusieurs modes de transport au cours d'un même . On parle plus spécifiquement de technologie et/ou d'autorité organisatrice différentes. vignette|Version ancienne d'intermodalité fer-route Le transport de voyageurs a toujours été intermodal. Les gens pouvaient ainsi passer de la diligence à un bac pour traverser une rivière trop profonde. Au les gens changeaient du train au bateau à Dieppe pour traverser la Manche.
Kind (type theory)In the area of mathematical logic and computer science known as type theory, a kind is the type of a type constructor or, less commonly, the type of a higher-order type operator. A kind system is essentially a simply typed lambda calculus "one level up", endowed with a primitive type, denoted and called "type", which is the kind of any data type which does not need any type parameters. A kind is sometimes confusingly described as the "type of a (data) type", but it is actually more of an arity specifier.
Common stockCommon stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. The terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the United States. They are known as equity shares or ordinary shares in the UK and other Commonwealth realms. This type of share gives the stockholder the right to share in the profits of the company, and to vote on matters of corporate policy and the composition of the members of the board of directors.
Action en réserveA treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings). Stock repurchases are used as a tax efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends, in jurisdictions that treat capital gains more favorably. Sometimes, companies repurchase their stock when they feel that it is undervalued on the open market.
