Chirurgie au laserLa chirurgie au laser utilise un faisceau laser au lieu d'un bistouri pour modifier les tissus du corps humain. Cet outil chirurgical est utilisé dans de nombreuses spécialités chirurgicales. En ophtalmologie, on trouve par exemple des applications dans le cadre des opérations des yeux au laser pour corriger la myopie, l'hypermétropie, l'astigmatisme ou encore la presbytie dans le cadre d'interventions de chirurgie réfractive. Selon les cas, le faisceau peut être utilisé pour vaporiser le tissu mou à teneur en eau élevée.
Phase-contrast X-ray imagingPhase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector.
Scholarly methodThe scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about the subject as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public. It is the methods that systemically advance the teaching, research, and practice of a given scholarly or academic field of study through rigorous inquiry. Scholarship is noted by its significance to its particular profession, and is creative, can be documented, can be replicated or elaborated, and can be and is peer reviewed through various methods.
Undertone seriesIn music, the undertone series or subharmonic series is a sequence of notes that results from inverting the intervals of the overtone series. While overtones naturally occur with the physical production of music on instruments, undertones must be produced in unusual ways. While the overtone series is based upon arithmetic multiplication of frequencies, resulting in a harmonic series, the undertone series is based on arithmetic division. The hybrid term subharmonic is used in music in a few different ways.
Sociologie de la connaissance scientifiqueLa sociologie de la connaissance scientifique (SCS) (sociology of scientific knowledge, SSK) est une branche de la sociologie - plus particulièrement de la sociologie de la connaissance - qui s'est développée dans le monde anglo-saxon autour des travaux de David Bloor et Harry Collins durant les années 1970. Ce domaine de recherche est étroitement lié à la sociologie des sciences et aux Science Studies.
