Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuelsThe bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels can be accomplished using the MixAlco process. Through bioconversion of biomass to a mixed alcohol fuel, more energy from the biomass will end up as liquid fuels than in converting biomass to ethanol by yeast fermentation. The process involves a biological/chemical method for converting any biodegradable material (e.g., urban wastes, such as municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste, and sewage sludge, agricultural residues such as corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, cotton gin trash, manure) into useful chemicals, such as carboxylic acids (e.
Biofuel in SwedenBiofuels are renewable fuels that are produced by living organisms (biomass). Biofuels can be solid, gaseous or liquid, which comes in two forms: ethanol and biodiesel and often replace fossil fuels. Many countries now use biofuels as energy sources, including Sweden. Sweden has one of the highest usages of biofuel in all of Europe, at 32%, primarily due to the widespread commitment to E85, bioheating and bioelectricity.
Canne à sucrethumb|upright=1.5|Bâtons de canne à sucre. La canne à sucre est une plante cultivée appartenant au genre Saccharum (famille des Poaceae ou graminées, sous-famille des Panicoideae), cultivée principalement pour la production du sucre (sucre de canne complet ou non) extrait des tiges (ou chaumes). Historiquement quatre espèces de cannes ont été domestiquées, principalement Saccharum officinarum, mais les cultivars modernes forment un ensemble d'hybrides complexes issus principalement de croisements entre Saccharum officinarum et Saccharum spontaneum, avec des contributions de Saccharum robustum, Saccharum sinense, Saccharum barberi, et de plusieurs genres apparentés tels que Miscanthus, Narenga et Erianthus.
Copper in renewable energyRenewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass, and geothermal have become significant sectors of the energy market. The rapid growth of these sources in the 21st century has been prompted by increasing costs of fossil fuels as well as their environmental impact issues that significantly lowered their use. Copper plays an important role in these renewable energy systems. Copper usage averages up to five times more in renewable energy systems than in traditional power generation, such as fossil fuel and nuclear power plants.
E-carburantLes e-carburants (pour électro-carburants) sont des carburants de synthèse fabriqués en utilisant de l'électricité décarbonée, ce qui revient à stocker cette énergie électrique dans les liaisons chimiques des carburants liquides ou gazeux. Les principales cibles sont les alcools et hydrocarbures de synthèse comme le méthane, le butane, le méthanol, le butanol, le biodiesel. Les e-carburants sont, pour l'instant, plus coûteux que les carburants à base de pétrole, mais les techniques de production sont relativement disponibles et permettent à l'Europe de diminuer sa dépendance aux importations de gaz naturel et de pétrole.
