Énergie (physique)En physique, l'énergie est une grandeur qui mesure la capacité d'un système à modifier un état, à produire un travail entraînant un mouvement, un rayonnement électromagnétique ou de la chaleur. Dans le Système international d'unités (SI), l'énergie s'exprime en joules et est de dimension . Le mot français vient du latin vulgaire energia, lui-même issu du grec ancien / enérgeia. Ce terme grec originel signifie « force en action », par opposition à / dýnamis signifiant « force en puissance » ; Aristote a utilisé ce terme , pour désigner la réalité effective en opposition à la réalité possible.
Geothermal powerGeothermal power is electrical power generated from geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 26 countries, while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. As of 2019, worldwide geothermal power capacity amounts to 15.4 gigawatts (GW), of which 23.9 percent or 3.68 GW are installed in the United States.
Industrie pétrolièrevignette|Pompe d'un puits pétrolier présentée sur un campus universitaire du Natal (Brésil). L'industrie pétrolière traite de la chaîne industrielle du pétrole et du gaz de pétrole, du gisement jusqu'au consommateur. Histoire du pétrole Pour avoir du pétrole, il faut d'abord prospecter, c’est-à-dire rechercher les endroits où la nature du sous-sol permet de « piéger » l'or noir.
Pressure-gradient forceIn fluid mechanics, the pressure-gradient force is the force that results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface. In general, a pressure is a force per unit area across a surface. A difference in pressure across a surface then implies a difference in force, which can result in an acceleration according to Newton's second law of motion, if there is no additional force to balance it. The resulting force is always directed from the region of higher-pressure to the region of lower-pressure.
Body relative directionBody relative directions (also known as egocentric coordinates) are geometrical orientations relative to a body such as a human person's body. The most common ones are: left and right; forward(s) and backward(s); up and down. They form three pairs of orthogonal axes. Since definitions of left and right based on the geometry of the natural environment are unwieldy, in practice, the meaning of relative direction words is conveyed through tradition, acculturation, education, and direct reference.
Oil and gas reserves and resource quantificationOil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas (oil or gas fields) that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development. Oil and gas reserves tied to approved operational plans filed on the day of reserves reporting are also sensitive to fluctuating global market pricing. The remaining resource estimates (after the reserves have been accounted) are likely sub-commercial and may still be under appraisal with the potential to be technically recoverable once commercially established.
Poussée d'Archimèdevignette|La poussée d'Archimède permet de concevoir la balance hydrostatique utilisée par les orfèvres du Moyen Âge pour analyser la densité des alliages d'or et d'argent. vignette|Les montgolfières exploitent le principe de la poussée d'Archimède, en devenant plus légères que l’air ambiant. La poussée d'Archimède est la force particulière que subit un corps placé entièrement ou partiellement dans un fluide (liquide ou gaz) et soumis à un champ de gravité.
Zone de subduction de CascadiaLa zone de subduction de Cascadia, ou parfois faille de Cascadia, est l'endroit où la plaque Juan de Fuca s'enfonce sous la plaque nord-américaine. La zone de subduction de Cascadia (CSZ) est une zone de failles de 1000 km de long qui s'étend du nord de l'île de Vancouver au cap Mendocino, dans le nord de la Californie. Il sépare les plaques Juan de Fuca et Amérique du Nord. Une nouvelle plaque de Juan de Fuca est créée au large le long de la dorsale de Juan de Fuca.
Four-accelerationIn the theory of relativity, four-acceleration is a four-vector (vector in four-dimensional spacetime) that is analogous to classical acceleration (a three-dimensional vector, see three-acceleration in special relativity). Four-acceleration has applications in areas such as the annihilation of antiprotons, resonance of strange particles and radiation of an accelerated charge. In inertial coordinates in special relativity, four-acceleration is defined as the rate of change in four-velocity with respect to the particle's proper time along its worldline.
Sound energyIn physics, sound energy is a form of energy that can be heard by living things. Only those waves that have a frequency of 16 Hz to 20 kHz are audible to humans. However, this range is an average and will slightly change from individual to individual. Sound waves that have frequencies below 16 Hz are called infrasonic and those above 20 kHz are called ultrasonic. Sound is a mechanical wave and as such consists physically in oscillatory elastic compression and in oscillatory displacement of a fluid.
